The Disaster Profiteers: How Natural Disasters Make the Rich Richer and the Poor Even Poorer (32 page)

15.
Preston Phro, “Nearly 290,000 People Still Living in Shelters 2 1/2 Years after Tohoku Disaster,”
Japan Today,
September 18, 2013,
http://www.japantoday.com/category/national/view/nearly-290000-people-still-living-in-shelters-2-12-years-after-tohoku-disaster
.

16.
Tim Stephens, “Slippery Fault Unleashed Destructive Tohoku-Oki Earthquake and Tsunami,”
University of California, Santa Cruz Newscenter,
December 5, 2013,
http://news.ucsc.edu/2013/12/slippery-fault.html
.

17.
David Funkhouser, “Lessons from the Japan Earthquake,”
State of the Planet: Blogs from the Earth Institute,
March 31, 2011,
http://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2011/03/31/lessons-from-the-tohoku-earthquake/
.

18.
Dambisa Moyo,
Dead Aid: Why Aid Is Not Working and How There Is a Better Way for Africa
(New York: Farrar, Straus Giroux, 2009); William Easterly,
The White Man's Burden: Why the West's Efforts to Aid the Rest Have Done So Much Ill and So Little Good
(New York: Oxford University Press, 2006).

Chapter 5. Malevolence by Neglect in Myanmar

1.
CIA,
The World Factbook: Myanmar,
March 11, 2015,
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bm.html
.

2.
T. T. Win, “Composition of the Different Ethnic Groups under the 8 Major National Ethnic Races in Myanmar,” 2008,
http://www.embassyofmyanmar.be/ABOUT/ethnicgroups.htm
.

3.
CIA,
World Factbook: Myanmar.

4.
Emma Larkin,
Everything Is Broken: A Tale of Catastrophe in Burma
(New York: Penguin Books, 2010).

5.
Win, “Composition of the Different Ethnic Groups.”

6.
For instance, Kallie Szczepanski, “The 8888 Uprising in Myanmar (Burma),” March 2015,
http://asianhistory.about.com/od/burmamyanmar/fl/The-8888-Uprising-in-Myanmar-Myanmar.htm
.

7.
Barbara Crossette, “Burma's Eroding Isolation,”
New York Times,
November 24, 1985,
http://www.nytimes.com/1985/11/24/magazine/burma-s-eroding-isolation.html
.

8.
Arakan Oil Watch “Burma's Resource Curse: The Case for Revenue Transparency in the Oil and Gas Sector,” March 2012,
http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs13/Burmas_Resource_Curse%28en%29-red.pdf
.

9.
The resource curse occurs as a country begins to focus all of its energies on an extractive industry, such as mining or oil. The nation becomes overly dependent on the price of that commodity, exchange rates become tied to commodity prices and other exports such as agriculture suffer. “Resource Curse,”
Investopedia,
n.d.,
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/resource-curse.asp#ixzz3X1ITJ4bF
.

10.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service, “Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale,” May 24, 2013,
http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutsshws.php
.

11.
For estimated death toll, see International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, “Myanmar: Cyclone Nargis 2008 Facts and Figures,” May 3, 2011,
http://www.ifrc.org/en/news-and-media/news-stories/asia-pacific/myanmar/myanmar-cyclone-nargis-2008-facts-and-figures/#sthash.3vTxw4sW.dpuf
: 8.

12.
Swiss Reinsurance Company,
Natural Catastrophes and Man-Made Disasters in 2008: North America and Asia Suffer Heavy Losses
(Zurich: Swiss Reinsurance Company, 2009).

13.
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council, “NDRRMC Update: Updates re the Effects of Typhoon ‘Yolanda' (Haiyan),” April 17, 2014,
https://web.archive.org/web/20141006091212/http://www.ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/1177/Update%20Effects%20TY%20YOLANDA%2017%20April%202014.pdf
.

14.
Michael Casey, “Cyclone Nargis Had All the Makings of a Perfect Storm,”
Washington Post,
May 8, 2008,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/05/08/AR2008050801931_pf.html
.

15.
Larkin,
Everything Is Broken.

16.
Thomas Fuller, “A Most Unlikely Liberator in Myanmar,”
New York Times,
March 14, 2012,
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/15/world/asia/a-most-unlikely-liberator-in-myanmar.html
.

17.
“Myanmar—Defense Spending,” GlobalSecurity.org, February 1, 2015,
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/myanmar/budget.htm
.

18.
Peter G. Peterson Foundation, “The U.S. Spends More on Defense Than the Next Eight Countries Combined,” April 13, 2014,
http://pgpf.org/Chart-Archive/0053_defense-comparison
.

19.
Andrew Selth, “Even Paranoids Have Enemies: Cyclone Nargis and Myanmar's Fears of Invasion,”
Contemporary Southeast Asia
30, no. 3 (2008): 379–402.

20.
Gareth Evans, “Facing Up to Our Responsibilities,” International Crisis Group, May 12, 2008,
http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/asia/south-east-asia/myanmar/evans-facing-up-to-our-responsibilities.aspx
.

21.
Kevin Woods, “A Political Anatomy of Land Grabs,”
Myanmar Times,
March 3, 2014,
http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/national-news/9740-a-political-anatomy-of-land-grabs.html
.

22.
“Eminent Domain,” Cornell University Law School, Legal Information Institute, March 12, 2015,
https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/eminent_domain
.

Chapter 6. Struck Dumb in New Orleans

1.
“Louisiana, Worldmark Encyclopedia of the States,” Encyclopedia.com, 2007;
http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-2661700031.html
.

2.
Daniel H. Weinberg, “U.S. Neighborhood Income Inequality in the 2005–2009 Period,”
American Community Survey Reports,
Census Bureau, US Department of Commerce, Washington, DC, October 2011, 12,
http://www.census.gov/prod/2011pubs/acs-16.pdf
.

3.
Sarah Burd-Sharps, Kristen Lewis, and Eduardo B. Martins,
A Portrait of Louisiana. Louisiana Human Development Report 2009,
American Human Development Project of the Social Science Research Council, 2009,
http://ssrc-static.s3.amazonaws.com/moa/A_Portrait_of_Louisiana.pdf
.

4.
Ibid.

5.
Alan Berube and Bruce Katz, “Katrina's Window: Confronting Concentrated Poverty Across America”
Brookings,
October 2005,
http://www.brookings.edu/research/reports/2005/10/poverty-berube
.

6.
Kris Macomber, Sarah E. Rusche, and Delmar Wright, “After the Levees Broke: Reaction of College Students to the Aftermeth of Hurricane Katrina,” in David L. Brunsma, David Overfelt, and J. Stephen Picou,
The Sociology of Katrina: Perspectives on a Modern Catastrophe
(Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2010), 166.

7.
Edward L. Glaeser and Raven E. Saks, “Corruption in America,”
Journal of Public Economics
90
(2006): 1053–72.

8.
“Ex-New Orleans Mayor Ray Nagin Gets 10 Years in Prison,” CNN, July 9, 2014,
http://www.cnn.com/2014/07/09/justice/ray-nagin-sentencing/
.

9.
Arianna Huffington, “The Flyover Presidency of George W. Bush,”
Huffington Post,
May 25, 2011,
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/arianna-huffington/the-flyover-presidency-of_b_6566.html
.

10.
Stephen C. Webster, “Bush's Disgraced FEMA Director Stunned at Sandy Response: ‘Why Was This So Quick?'”
Raw Story,
October 30, 2012,
http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2012/10/bushs-disgraced-fema-director-stunned-at-sandy-response-why-was-this-so-quick/
.

11.
Michael D. Brown and Ted Schwarz,
Deadly Indifference: The Perfect (Political) Storm: Hurricane Katrina, the Bush White House, and Beyond
(Plymouth, MA: Taylor Trade, 2011).

12.
Richard D. Knabb, Jamie R. Rhome, and Daniel P. Brown, “Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Katrina,” National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Hurricane Center, 2005,
http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/TCR-AL122005_Katrina.pdf
.

13.
Eric S. Blake, Todd B. Kimberlain, Robert J. Berg, John P. Cangialosi, and John L. Beven II, “Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Sandy (AL182012) 22–29 October 2012,” NOAA National Hurricane Center,
http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL182012_Sandy.pdf
.

14.
Erik Larson,
Isaac's Storm: A Man, a Time, and the Deadliest Hurricane in History
(New York: Crown, 2000).

15.
David L. Johnson, “Service Assessment: Hurricane Katrina August 23–31, 2005,” NOAA, National Weather Service, 2006,
http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/assessments/pdfs/Katrina.pdf
.

16.
Isaac M. Cline, “Special Report on the Galveston Hurricane of September 8, 1900,” NOAA History, February 4, 2004,
http://www.history.noaa.gov/stories_tales/cline2.html
.

17.
Julian Gavaghan, “On This Day: Hurricane Betsy Kills 76 in New Orleans in Deadliest Storm Before Katrina,” September 24, 2013,
https://uk.news.yahoo.com/on-this-day—hurricane-betsy-kills-76-in-new-orleans-in-deadliest-storm-before-katrina-152855522.html
.

18.
Elliot Aronson, “Fear, Denial, and Sensible Action in the Face of Disasters,”
Social Research
75, no. 3 (2008): 855–72.

19.
Eric Lipton, “White House Knew of Levee's Failure on Night of Storm,”
New York Times,
February 10, 2006,
http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/10/politics/10katrina.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0
.

20.
Keren Fraiman, Austin Long, and Caitlin Talmadge, “Why the Iraqi Army Collapsed (and What Can Be Done about It),”
Washington Post,
June 13, 2014,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/monkey-cage/wp/2014/06/13/why-the-iraqi-army-collapsed-and-what-can-be-done-about-it/
.

21.
Brown and Schwarz,
Deadly Indifference.

22.
Kevin Drum, “Bush and Katrina,”
Political Animal
(blog),
Washington Monthly,
September 1, 2005,
http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/archives/individual/2005_09/007023.php
.

23.
Ken Silverstein, “Top FEMA Jobs: No Experience Required,”
Los Angeles Times,
September 9, 2005,
http://articles.latimes.com/2005/sep/09/nation/na-fema9
.

24.
Scott Price, “The Coast Guard's Katrina Documentation Project,”
The U.S. Coast Guard & Hurricane Katrina,
November 17, 2014,
http://www.uscg.mil/history/katrina/docs/karthistory.asp
. Originally published in
The Federalist: Newsletter for the Society for History in the Federal Government,
2nd series, no. 12 (Winter 2006-2007): 1, 3-5.

25.
Kathleen B. Blanco, “Taskforce Pelican,” September 30, 2005,
http://www.blancogovernor.com/index.cfm?md=newsroom&tmp=detail&catID=1&articleID=532&navID=3&printer=1
.

26.
Douglas Brinkley,
The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast
(New York: Harper Perennial, 2007); Jed Horne,
Breach of Faith: Hurricane Katrina and the Near Death of a Great American City
(New York: Random House, 2006).

27.
Thomas E. Nelson, Zoe M. Oxley, and Rosalee A. Clawson, “Toward a Psychology of Framing Effects,”
Political Behavior
19, no. 3 (1997): 221–246.

28.
Susan Sontag, “The Imagination of Disaster,”
Commentary
(October 1965),
https://www.commentarymagazine.com/article/the-imagination-of-disaster/
; see also
https://americanfuturesiup.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/sontag-the-imagination-of-disaster.pdf
.

29.
E. L. Quarantelli, “Conventional Beliefs and Counterintuitive Realities,”
Social Research: An International Quarterly of the Social Sciences
75, no. 3 (2008): 873–904,
http://dspace.udel.edu/bitstream/handle/19716/4242/Article%20450%20for%20DSpace.pdf?sequence=1
.

30.
Ibid.

31.
Kathleen Tierney, Christine Bevc, and Erica Kuligowski, “Metaphors Matter: Disaster Myths, Media Frames, and Their Consequences in Hurricane Katrina,”
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
604, no. 1 (2006): 57–81.

32.
Guy Gugliotta and
Peter Whoriskey,
“Floods Ravage New Orleans; Two Levees Give Way,”
Washington Post,
August 31, 2005,
http://truth-out.org/archive/component/k2/item/56907:floods-ravage-new-orleans
.

33.
Kevin McGill, “Officials Throw Up Hands as Looters Ransack City,”
San Diego Union-Tribune,
August 31, 2005,
http://legacy.utsandiego.com/news/nation/20050831-0839-katrina-looting.html
.

34.
Robert McFadden and Ralph Blumenthal, “Higher Death Toll Seen; Police Ordered to Stop Looters,”
New York Times,
September 1, 2005,
http://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/01/national/nationalspecial/01storm.html?pagewanted=print&_r=0
.

35.
Sam Coates and Dan Eggen, “In New Orleans, a Desperate Exodus,”
Washington Post,
September 1, 2005,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/08/31/AR2005083101804.html
.

36.
Joseph B. Treaster and Deborah Sontag, “Local Officials Criticize Federal Government over Response,”
New York Times,
September 2, 2005,
http://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/02/national/nationalspecial/02storm.html?pagewanted=all
.