Terrible Swift Sword (72 page)

10.        O.R., Vol. IV, 180-81, 189.

11.
O.R., Vol.
Ill, 149-50; Vol. JV, 196-97; Grant's
Memoirs,
Vol.
I, 264-66.

12.
American Annual
Cyclopaedia, 1861,
399; Monroe's
Rebellion
Record,
Vol. Ill, Document
No. 45, 129.

13. Nicolay & Hay, Vol. V, 49-50.

14.
Basler,
Vol. IV, 534, 549; O.R., Series Two, Vol. II, 805-6, 808-9, 812, giving entries
from the State Department Record Book, "Arrests for Disloyalty."

15.
Buckner to
Adjutant General Samuel Cooper, Sept. 13, 1861, O.R., Vol. IV, 189-90.

16.        Polk to Davis, Sept. 14, 1861,
ibid., 191.

17.
William
Preston Johnston,
The
Life
of
Albert Sidney Johnston,
290-91,
306; William M. Polk,
Leonidas Polk, Bishop
and General,
Vol. II, 1-3.

18.
Johnston
to Davis, Sept. 16, 1861, O.R., Vol. IV, 193. As late as mid-November,
Johnston's returns show that there were 13,142 present for duty at Columbus and
12,500 at Bowling Green. An earlier return shows 3549 present for duty at Cumberland
Gap. On Nov. 10, the Federal returns for the Department of the Cumberland show
an "aggregate present and absent" of 49,586, of which more than
23,000 were listed as present for duty. (O.R., Vol. IV, 349, 425, 554, 557.)
For details on Johnston's problems and expectations, see William Preston Johnston,
op. cit., 316, 333.

5.   Mark
of
Desolation

1. The Virginia convention adopted the
ordinance of secession on April 17. What is now West Virginia had 46 members in
the convention; 9 voted for the ordinance, 7 were absent, one was excused and
29 voted against it. A Unionist meeting at Clarksburg on April 22 summoned a
general convention to meet at Wheeling on May 13. This convention was followed
by a second, which performed the acts referred to in the text; and by Aug.

20 arrangements were made for a popular
vote on the formation of a new state. At a popular election on Oct. 24, the new
state was approved, 18,408 to 781. For a resume of the whole operation, see
West
Virginia, a Guide to the Mountain State,
48-49.

2.
Maj.
Gen. Jacob Cox,
Reminiscences
of
the Civil War,
Vol.
I, 144-45: "It was easy, sitting at one's office table, to sweep the hand
over a few inches of chart, showing next to nothing of the topography, and to
say, 'We will march from here to here'; but when the march was undertaken, the
natural obstacles began to assert themselves, and one general after another
had to find apologies for failing to accomplish that which ought never to have
been undertaken." (This work is cited hereafter as Cox's
Reminiscences.)

3.
Jefferson
Davis,
Rise and Fall
of
the Confederate Government,
Vol.
I, 434.

4.
Statement
by General Rosecrans, C.C.W., 1865, Vol. Ill, 7-8. The best detailed account of
the 1861 western Virginia campaign, that of Douglas Southall Freeman in
R.
E. Lee,
Vol. I, 541-604,
stresses the great difficulty in getting reliable figures for Confederate
strength in this campaign.

5.
A.
L. Long,
Lee's West Virginia
Campaign,
in
The
Annals
of
the
War
Written
by
Leading
Participants, North and South,
87-88. The
pre-war rank of Loring is set forth in Francis B. Heitman,
Historical
Register and Dictionary
of
the United
States Army,
Vol. I, 625, 642.
Walter H. Taylor, in
Four Years with
General Lee,
15-16, remarks that
Lee did not assume personal command of the army, "although it was
understood that Brigadier General Loring was subject to his orders."

6.
Long,
loc. cit.; Walter Taylor, op. cit., 17;
Cheat
Mountain; or, Unwritten Chapter
of
the Late War,
by a Member of the
Bar, Fayetteville, Tenn., 40, 45.

7. Ambrose Bierce,
Ambrose
Bierce's Civil War,
3-7.

8.
Jacob
Cox,
McClellan in West Virginia,
B.
& L., Vol. I, 142-45; Comte de Paris,
History
of
the Civil War in America,
Vol.
I, 376-80. Carnifix is Carnifex on modern maps. Floyd's report (O.R., Vol V,
146-49) gives a long explanation for his retreat from Carnifix, where, with a
force which he puts at 1800 men, his total casualties were 20 men wounded.

9.
For
a fascinating study of Lee's battle plan and its development the reader is
again referred to Freeman. See also Taylor's
Four
Years with General Lee,
20-28.
General Reynolds's report is in O.R., Vol. V, 184-86.

notes

10.
Taylor,
op. cit., 32-33. Anyone who wishes to study the charges and countercharges made
by Wise and Floyd (and it is pretty difficult going) will find the dreary
record in O.R., Vol. V, 146-49, 149-50, 150-65.

11.
E. A.
Pollard,
The First Year of the
War,
168. It is interesting to observe that
civilian critics, in the North and South alike, grew impatient at any talk of
strategy, feeling apparently that all a general needed was a taste for getting
close to the enemy and slugging it out. This trait, incidentally, Lee had in
full measure, but he had other assets which the civilian critics were slow to
recognize.

12. Pollard, op. cit., 168.

13. Robert E. Lee,
Recollections
and Letters of General Robert
E. Lee,
51.

14.        John S. Wise,
The
End of an Era,
172.

15.
Mulligan's
account of all of this is in an article,
The
Siege
of Lexington,
adapted from a
lecture he delivered during the war (he was killed
in
action
in 1864) and printed in B. & L., Vol. I, 307-13. Price's report on the
campaign is in O.R., Vol. Ill, 185-88. There is an engaging description of
Mulligan and the siege
in
the
History
of Lafayette County, Missouri,
by an
unidentified author, 337-55. Being scrupulously honest, Price turned the
captured money over to the banks from which it had been taken. It seems a pity;
his army needed a war chest very badly.

16.
Scott to Fremont,
O.R., Vol.
in,
185. Blair's criticism-voiced some time
after the event—can be found in the
Congressional
Globe,
2nd Session, 37th
Congress, Part U, 1121-22. A spirited reply to Blair by Schuyler Colfax,
asserting that
in
mid-September Fremont had, in St. Louis,
fewer than 8000 men, is in the same section of the
Globe,
1128-29.

17.
McElroy,
The
Struggle for Missouri,
192; John C. Moore,
Missouri,
in Confederate Military History, Vol.
IX, 69.

18.
New York
Times
for Nov. 4, 1861, printing a dispatch
from Warsaw, Mo., dated Oct. 23.

19.
O.R., Vol.
IH, 196, 529-30;
American Annual Cyclopaedia,
1861,
394; McElroy, op. cit., 187, 232-33,
235-36; Jay Monaghan,
Civil War on the
Western Border,
195-96; Harper's
Weekly,
Nov. 23, 1861, 738.

20.
Letters of
Mrs. Margaret J. Hays, written from Westport, Mo., in the fall of 1861 and the
fall of 1862; in the Civil War Papers of the Missouri Historical Society.

6.   The Road to East Tennessee

1.
American
Annual Cyclopaedia, 1861,
682-83.

2.
O.R.,
Vol. IV, 365-67, 369-70; W. G. Brownlow,
Sketches
of the Rise, Progress and Decline of Secession,
passim.

3.
Ibid.,
374, 382; D.A.B., Vol. XX, 659-60; William M. Polk, op. cit., Vol. II, 3-4.

4.
Oliver
P. Temple,
East Tennessee and
the Civil War,
366-67; Gilbert E.
Govan and James W. Livingood,
The
Chattanooga Country, 1540-1951, from Tomahawks to TV A,
170-72.
See also E. M. Coulter,
The
Confederate States of America, 1861-1865,
84-85,
96.

5.
Richmond
Dispatch
for
Nov. 15, 1861.

6.
Basler,
Vol. IV, 458, 544-45.

7.
The
narrative here follows the account given by Temple, op. cit., 370-77. In a
footnote Temple says he got the details orally from William B. Carter. General
McClellan was enthusiastic about the project, writing that Federal occupation
of east Tennessee "would soon render the occupation of Richmond and
Eastern Virginia impossible to the Secessionists." (McClellan's
Own
Story,
49.)

8.
O.R.,
Vol. IV, 404, 412. In a return dated Sept. 15, Zolli-coffer reported 8549 men
present for duty. (Ibid., 409.)

9.
Notebooks
of hearings of Robert Anderson before an Army Retirement Board, in the Papers
of the Massachusetts Com-mandery, the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the
United States, 9-12, in the Houghton Library, Harvard University; General
Orders No. 6, Department of the Cumberland, Oct. 8, 1861, O.R., Vol. IV,
296-97.

10.        Sherman to Garrett Davis, Oct. 8,
1861, O.R., op. cit., 297.

11.
Sherman
frankly confessed that at this time "I had no confidence in my
ability," admitting that he bluntly told Secretary of War Cameron that
"Sidney Johnston was a fool if he did not move from Bowling Green and take
Louisville; that our troops could not prevent it." (Inserted comment by
Sherman in an extra-illustrated edition of
Sherman
and his Campaigns,
by Col. S. R. Bowman
and Lt. Col. R. B. Irwin, in the Sherman Collection at the Northwestern
University Library.) For an appraisal of Johnston's course, see William
Preston Johnston, 362.

12.
William
Preston Johnston, 362-63; Cleburne to Gen. Hardee, Nov. 13, 1861, O.R., Vol.
IV, 545-46.

13. R. M. Kelly,
Holding
Kentucky for the Union,
B. &
L.,

Vol. I, 382-83; Temple, op. cit.,
377-78, 388; O.R., Vol. IV, 231, 236-37, 294, 335-36, 338-39; Govan and
Livingood,
The Chattanooga
Country,
187-88. Thomas
proposed the move on Somerset on Nov. 5; he received Sherman's orders to follow
a
strict
defensive policy on Nov. 7; the east Tennessee uprising began on Nov. 9.

14.
O.R.,
Vol. IV, 340-41, 350; A. K. McClure,
Abraham
Lincoln and Men of War Times,
230. Lloyd
Lewis,
Sherman, Fighting
Prophet,
195 ff., goes into
details about Sherman's nervous instability at this time.

15.
For McClellan's vain
attempts to get Buell to do something about east Tennessee, see his letters of
Nov. 7 and Nov. 25, 1861, and Jan. 6, 1862: O.R., Vol. IV, 342; Vol. VII, 447,
531.

16.
O.R.,
Vol. VII, 701, 760, 764; Series Two, Vol. 1, 857-58; Temple, op. cit., 394,
399, 408-11.

17.
Sherman's
return for Nov. 10 shows an aggregate present and absent in his department of
49,586. (O.R., Vol. IV, 349.)

18.
O.R.,
Vol. Ill, 306-10, 327; Grant's
Memoirs,
Vol.
I, 269-81; William L. Polk,
General
Polk and the Battle of Belmont,
B. &
L., Vol. I, 348-55; letter of Charles Johnson to Mrs. Johnson dated Nov. 18,
1861, in the Charles James Johnson Papers, Louisiana State Archives, Baton
Rouge; William Preston Johnston, 377. Grant's ideas about the feasibility of
using untrained troops were set forth after the war in a speech by John A.
Rawlins quoted in this writer's
Grant
Moves South,
72.

19.
Isabel Wallace,
The
Life and Letters of General W. H. L. Wallace,
141;
O.R., Vol. Ill, 312.

Chapter Two:
A
VAST FUTURE ALSO
1.   Magazine of
Discord

1.
Alfred
Roman,
The Military
Operations of General Beauregard,
Vol. I,
132. This book, which is virtually Beauregard's autobiography, is cited
hereafter as Roman.

2.
Joseph
E. Johnston,
Narrative of Military
Operations,
(cited hereafter as
Johnston's
Narrative)
74-76.

3.
Mss.
account by Gustavus W. Smith, in the Palmer Collection, Western Reserve
Historical Society, Cleveland.

4.
Jefferson
Davis,
Rise and Fall,
Vol.
I, 442; editorial in the Richmond
Examiner
for
Sept. 27, 1861. Davis's account of the