Authors: Joanna Blythman
Chopping board debate: Plastic and wooden cutting boards, Dean O. Cliver, http://faculty.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/faculty/docliver/Research/cuttingboard.htm
‘Over 6,000 chemicals are used to make food packaging’: Introduction, Chemical Risk Assessment,
Food Packaging Forum
, 26 February 2014, http://www.foodpackagingforum.org/food-packaging-health/chemical-risk-assessment
Food Packaging Forum: FPF About Us, http://www.foodpackagingforum.org/about-us
‘Recently warned that 175 dangerous chemicals are found in food packaging’: ‘Warning over 175 dangerous chemicals found in food packaging: Substances are linked to cancer, fertility and birth defects’,
Daily Mail
, 8 July 2014, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2684256/Dangerous-chemicals-food-packaging-linked-cancer-fertility-birth-defects-study-finds.html#ixzz37AaS0VpP
‘Food contact substances and chemicals of concern: a comparison of inventories’:
Food Additives & Contaminants
: Part A, Volume 31, Issue 8, 2014, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19440049.2014.931600
Chemicals of Concerns (COCs):
ibid
What the EPA’s ‘Chemicals of Concern’ Plans Really Mean,
Scientific American
, 11 January 2010, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/epa-chemicals-of-concern-plans
‘Food contact materials have long been in the frame as a possible major source of chronic exposure to chemicals’: Borcher A.
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Food Safety
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‘Their toxicity can be increased in the presence of other chemicals’: Kortenkamp A.
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Envir Health Perspect
(2007); 115: 106–114, http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1363921/1/KORTENKAMP.LOW.pdf
REACH: The Registration Process, http://www.hse.gov.uk/reach/regprocess.htm
‘The dose makes the poison’: ‘Toxicology: The learning curve’, Dan Fagin,
Nature
, 24 October 2012, http://www.nature.com/news/toxicology-the-learning-curve-1.11644
‘Bisphenol A possible effects’: vom Saal F. S.
et al.
, Chapel Hill bisphenol A expert panel consensus statement,
Reprod Toxicol
(2007); 24: 131–138, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2967230/
Restrictions on bisphenol A in various countries:
Food Packaging Forum
, Bisphenol A, http://www.foodpackagingforum.org/food-packaging-health/bisphenol-a
Bisphenol A in cancer charity avoidance advice: Tips for Avoiding BPA in Canned Food, Breast Cancer Fund, http://www.breastcancerfund.org/reduce-your-risk/tips/avoid-bpa.html
‘Breast Cancer UK has called for a ban on bisphenol A’: ‘BPA should be banned immediately’, says Breast Cancer UK,
Food and Drink Europe
, 24 October 2013, http://www.foodanddrinkeurope.com/Products-Marketing/BPA-should-be-banned-immediately-says-Breast-Cancer-UK/?utm_source=newsletter_weekly&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Newsletter%2BWeekly&c=lQa1YdAlY04Fq84iU4nhQ1z1lFk5tlR2
‘The highest levels of certain phthalates have been found in bread’:
Food Packaging Forum
, Phthalates, 4 October 2012, http://www.foodpackagingforum.org/food-packaging-health/phthalates
‘Tests on animals link these chemicals [phthalates] to reduced fertility, and reproductive and testicular toxicity’:
ibid
‘31 per cent of foods tested contained phthalates above the level set in European law’: Determination of phthalates in foods and establishing methodology to distinguish their source, FSA, http://www.food.gov.uk/science/research/chemical-safety-research/env-cont/c01048#toc-3
‘When scientists … examined cooked food’: Cirillo T,
et al.
, ‘Children’s Exposure to Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and Dibutylphthalate Plasticizers from School Meals’,
J Agric Food Chem
(2011); 59: 10532–10538, http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf2020446
‘Nanoparticles … are increasingly used in food and drink packaging’: Alfadul S. M. and Elneshwy A. A., ‘Use of nanotechnology in food processing, packaging and safety review’,
Afr J Food Agric
, Nutr Dev (2010); 10: 6, 2719–2739
Nanosilver and nanoclays: Nanotechnology for the Food Industry,
Nano Magazine
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‘Aluminium and silicon nanoparticles migrated from plastic bottles into an acidic medium’: Farhoodi M
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., ‘Migration of Aluminum and Silicon from PET/Clay Nanocomposite Bottles into Acidic Food Simulant’,
Packaging Technology and Science
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‘They are about one ten-thousandth the width of a human hair’: Institute of Food Science and Technology, Information Statement on Nanotechnology, http://www.ifst.org/nanotechnology
‘Nanoscale zinc oxide … has been found to cause lesions’: Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety, Opinion on Zinc oxide (nano form), 2012, http://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/consumer_safety/docs/sccs_o_103.pdf
‘Nanoparticles of titanium dioxide can damage DNA, disrupt cell function, and interfere with the defence activities of the immune system’:
Tiny Ingredients, Big Risks:
FOE report on nanotechnology, May 2014, http://libcloud.s3.amazonaws.com/93/25/c/4723/2014_Tiny_Ingredients_Big_Risks_Web.pdf
‘Nanoparticles absorbed in the gut may be a factor in the growing prevalence of inflammatory conditions’: Microparticles and Crohn’s Disease, http://www.nutrition411.com/professional-learning/professional-refreshers/item/29665-microparticles-and-crohns-disease/; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17202580
‘The European Commission acknowledges that nanoparticles could cause health damage’: 4. What are the potential health effects of nanomaterials? Nanomaterials, Level 2, http://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/opinions_layman/nanomaterials/en/l-2/4.htm
‘“Full evaluation of the potential hazards is still to come”’: 6. How well can we assess the risks from nanomaterials? Nanomaterials, Level 2, http://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/opinions_layman/nanomaterials/en/index.htm#6
‘National Academy of Sciences warns that “critical gaps” in understanding [of nanoparticles] have been identified’: ‘With Prevalence of Nanomaterials Rising, Panel Urges Review of Risks’,
New York Times
, 25 January 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/26/science/nanomaterials-effects-on-health-and-environment-unclear-panel-says.html
‘About 400–500 nanopackaging products are estimated to be in use now’: ‘Future nanopackaging market worth billions, says study’,
Food Packaging
, 15 May 2007, http://www.foodproductiondaily.com/Packaging/Future-nanopackaging-market-worth-billions-says-study
‘Nanosized titanium dioxide … in products such as coffee creamer, cookies, cream cheese …’:
Tiny Ingredients, Big Risks:
FOE report on nanotechnology, May 2014, http://libcloud.s3.amazonaws.com/93/25/c/4723/2014_Tiny_Ingredients_Big_Risks_Web.pdf
‘A European Union regulation that requires foods (not packaging) containing nanoparticles to be labelled’: Towards reference materials for nanoparticles in food, EU Joint Research Centre, 25 June 2014, https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/news/towards-reference-materials-nanoparticles-food
The page numbers in this index relate to the printed version of this book; they do not match the pages of your ebook. You can use your ebook reader’s search tool to find a specific word or passage.
3-MCPD 128
AB Sugar 103–4
abattoirs 2, 48, 182, 208–9, 227
açai berry 138–9
Acesulfame K 59, 76, 109
acetone 65
acrolein 124
acrylamide 128–9
ADD 63
additives 94, 172, 174
‘acceptable daily intake’ 222
carrageenan 61–2
and ‘clean label’ operation 3–4
E numbers 56, 61, 62, 219
emulsifying 134
and health 220
modified starch (E1422) 62
and ‘off flavours’ 80
preservative 222–3, 224
rejection of 58, 59
types of 3
advantame 109
aflatoxins 216
agar 92, 178
agave syrup 112–13
Agricoat 84
aldehydes 124
alginates 231
All in All 78
allergens 5, 49, 51–4, 89, 215, 216
allergies, food 13, 52, 53, 63, 157, 216
alpha-amylase 205, 215
Alzheimer’s disease 124
amino acids 68, 69
amylase 205
amyloglucosidase 205
anaphylaxis 53
André, Carl 75
anthocyanins 66
anti-spattering agents 127
antifoaming agents 127
antioxidants 59, 64, 94, 127, 220–21, 224, 234
arrowroot 188, 190
ascorbic acid 220–21
Asda 39, 42, 159, 201, 237
asparaginase 212
Aspartame 76, 109
asthma 214, 251
Austrian Federal Environment Agency 214
bacon brine recipe 185–6
bacteria 51, 63, 80, 150, 223, 229, 231, 233
bakeries 86–96
aromas 86, 87
baking method 90–91
and enzymes 205, 215
Greggs 93–6
ingredients 88–94
labelling 88
M&S 86–93
staff 87, 215
state-of-the-art 87–8
third-party bakery companies 90, 92
Bakewell tart 11, 91
Barr, A.G. 101
batters (‘reliable coating systems’) 34–5, 38, 130, 131
BDF 80
beetroot extract (betanin) 66
Beneo 162
benzoates 219
beta-glucanase 211
binders 174, 187
Bionis® 83
BioResource International 208
biotechnology 150
BioVia™ YM 10 234
bisphenol A (BPA) 243, 245–8
Blakeslea trispora
fungus 92
bread, phthalates in 247
breadcrumbs 35, 130, 131
Breast Cancer UK 246
brine 174, 179, 180, 182, 184, 186–7
brine injector machine 186–7
British Heart Foundation 133
British Medical Journal
103
British Nutrition Foundation 104
butter 131–2, 134
and fat-replacing starch 193–4
Butter Buds® 77, 137
butter powder 37–8
butter substitutes 37–8, 77
butylhydroxyanisole (BHA) 64, 127, 221, 243
butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) 64, 221
calcium 199
calcium carbonate 92, 157
calcium chloride (E509) 91, 206
Callaghan, Kathryn 224–5
cancer 62, 63, 124, 251, 252
cane juice 108–9
cane sugar 63, 108
CAOBISCO (Association of Chocolate, Biscuits and Confectionery Industries of Europe) 104
caramel (E150) 36–7, 40, 67–8, 160–61, 167
carbohydrases 207
carbohydrates 145, 200
starchy 199, 200
carcinogenicity 109, 124, 127, 128, 129, 161–2, 220, 222
cardiovascular disease 111, 120, 125, 252
Carfosel® 80