Portrait of A Novel (48 page)

314—
Kant’s idea of the categorical imperative
: The standard account of Kant’s relevance to the novel belongs to William Gass, “The High Brutality of Good Intentions,”
Accent
18 (Winter 1958). Reprinted in Bamberg. My quotation from the philosopher is drawn from Gass.

314—
his secondary characters
: See Alex Woloch,
The One vs. the Many: Minor Characters and the Space of the Protagonist in the Novel
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003).

316—“
have all eternity
”: P, 783.

316—“
lost all her shame
”: P, 784.

316—“
I never thanked
”: P, 784.

316—“
that was not
”
. . .
“
ruined
”: P, 785.

317—“
I shall be
”: P, 784.

318—“
a sort of
”: To William Dean Howells, 17 August 1908.

318—
“
self-occupied
”: LFL, 422; the friend in question was Charles Eliot Norton’s daughter Sally.

319—
October 1908 his first royalty statement
. James notes the figure in a letter to J. B. Pinker, 1 April 1909.

319—“
black and heavy
”: To William Dean Howells, 27 May 1910.

320—“
the frustration of all
”: E5, 440.

320—“
William cannot
”: E5, 442.

320—“
Bad day[s]
”: N, 314–15.

320—“
wholly unfit
”: To Edith Wharton, 10 June 1910.

321—
morphine and milk
: For details of William’s death, see Richardson,
William James
, 520.

321—“
His extinction
”
. . .
“
pride
”: To Thomas Sergeant Perry, 2 September 1910.

321—“
ramification of old
”: To Henry James III, 16 July 1912.

321—“
difficult &
unprecedented
”: To Mrs. William James, 13 November 1911.

321—“
I recover it
”: A, 207.

322—“
the past
”
. . .
“
memories
”: To Henry Adams, 21 March 1914.

322—“
undo everything
”: To Rhoda Broughton, 10 August 1914.

322—“
what the treacherous
”: To Howard Sturgis, 4 August 1914.

323—“
attachment and devotion
”: To H. H. Asquith, 28 June 1915.

323—“
bad sick week
”: To Edmund Gosse, 25 August 1915.

323—“
a regular hell
”: To Hugh Walpole, 13 November 1915.

324—“
sketchy state
”
. . .
“
sister
”: For what is called the “Deathbed Dictation,” see N, 581ff.

324—“
over the counterpane
”: E5, 559.

324—“
a dim, hovering
”
. . .
“
nothing
”: P, 787.

325—“
lying on
”: Ibid.

325—“
postponing, closing
”
. . .
“
obligations
”: P, 789.

325—“
Lady Flora
”: P, 780.

326—“
something important
”
. . .
“
purpose
”: P, 794.

326—“
that ghastly form
”: P, 797.

326—“
the world is all
”: P, 798.

327—“
The world is very small
”: Ibid.

327—“
to get away
”
. . .
“
feet
”: P, 797.

327—“
the confusion
”
. . .
“
free
”: P, 799.

327—“
but she knew
”: Ibid.

328—“
this was different
”
. . .
“
strange
”: PNY, 580.

328—
Goodwood’s kiss is no longer
: PNY, 581. The best account of Isabel’s relation to sexual passion, and of the novel’s conclusion as well, belongs to Dorothea Krook. See also Tessa Hadley,
Henry James and the Imagination of Pleasure
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002).

331—“
he looked up at her
”: P, 800.

331—“
liaison with her rejected lover
”: Hutton in Gard.

331—“
with an end
”: Oliphant in Bamberg.

331—“
feels the full force
”: N, 15. James’s 1883 words about the ending were recorded in a copy of the novel by its owner. See Supino,
Henry James: A Bibliographical Catalogue
, 135.

331—“
only to guess
”: PNY, 582.

332—“
started for Rome
”: P, 800.

332—“
obvious criticism
”: N, 15.

332—“
Really, universally
”: LC1, 1041.

333—“
complete in itself
”: N, 15.

333—“
all too faint
”: To A. C. Benson, 11 March 1898.

333—“
Nothing is my
”: To Jane Hill, 15 June 1879.

333—“
raise the individual
”: Henry James, “London Pictures,” in
The Painter’s Eye
, 213.

334—“
there is no greater
”: “John S. Sargent,” in
The Painter’s Eye
, 227–28.

334—“
There is really too much to say
”: PNY, 17.

INDEX

Abolitionism, 17, 18, 99, 126, 209

Acton, Lord, 61

Adam Bede
(Eliot), 57, 64–65, 195, 216

Adams, Clover Hooper, 40–42, 102, 143, 148, 258, 259

Adams, Henry, 40–41, 98, 102, 139, 143, 148, 149, 244, 258, 259

Adams, John, 115

Adriatic Sea, 166, 172

adultery, 90, 199, 303, 326–27

   in Gustave Flaubert, 68, 195, 303

Aeneid
(Virgil), 231

aestheticism, 83, 84, 138

Agassiz, Louis, 18

Age of Innocence, The
(Wharton), 91, 149, 206–7

Albany, N.Y., 321

Aldrich, Thomas Bailey, 166, 173, 208

Alexander, George, 289–91

Allied powers, 323

Alps, 33, 101

American Academy, Rome, 319

American exceptionalism, 36, 114–15, 278

American literature, 17

   British reaction against, 244–49, 267

   future of, 31–32

   literary history of, 34

   local color and regionalism in, 129, 178, 246

   novel of manners and, 26

   
The Portrait of a Lady
as, xvii

   realist, 25–26

   romances in, 36, 69

   sentimental, 25

   William Dean Howells on, 26

analytical method of characterization, 242–43

Andersen, Hendrik, xxii, 88, 297–98, 299, 304, 328

Anna Karenina
(Tolstoy), 113, 271, 303, 332

Anne, Queen of England, 99

Antietam, Battle of, 19

Archer, Isabel (char.), xv, xvii, 8, 81, 85–86, 103, 121, 131, 149, 151, 171–72, 173, 196, 198, 207, 214, 243, 244, 310–17, 321

   American newness of, 270

   appearance of, 7

   character of, 6–11, 66–67, 75, 105–6, 115, 116–17, 242

   clothes conversation of, 113–15, 163

   as desiring to depart from past, 114

   elements of HJ in, 50, 270

   Europe’s meaning to, 126, 223

   George Eliot’s influence on, 66

   Gilbert Osmond’s fascination for, 134–37, 155–59, 162–64, 276, 311, 328, 329

   Gilbert Osmond’s restrictions on, 162–64, 225, 230–31, 232–33, 234, 238, 269, 273, 274–75, 313, 325, 326

   independence of, 4, 6, 51–54, 71, 75–76, 158, 161, 163, 223, 252, 315, 329–30

   inner life of, 9, 175, 311, 313, 334

   as a “lady,” 10–11, 224

   limits on freedom of, xviii–xix, 69, 76, 111–12, 223–24, 238, 270–73, 277–79, 283, 295, 326–27

   marriage of, 136, 159–61, 164, 166, 214, 221, 222–38, 271–77, 303–4

   marriage plot resisted by, xviii, 9, 69–76, 106–7, 109, 112, 113, 157, 160

   Minny Temple as original of, 27, 46–50

   power of knowledge for, 279

   Ralph Touchett’s bequest to, 110–11, 114, 125, 134, 137, 162, 225, 272–73, 279, 316–17, 327

   Ralph Touchett’s relationship with, 50–51, 54

   reactions of others to, 6–7

   reflections on married life by, 229–38

   return to Rome by, 327–34

   in Rome, 141–43, 149, 150, 174, 222, 225–26, 269–70, 271, 312, 325

   sadness of, 213, 269, 271, 324–25

   separation considered by, 273, 333

   sexual desire of, 234–36, 237–38, 327–30

   spontaneity and individuality of, 6, 67, 271

   on taste vs. wealth, 137

   travels of, 161

   as voice of American exceptionalism, 114–15

Arno, 122, 126, 149

Arnold, Matthew, 158, 210

Arthur, Chester A., 259

“Art of Fiction, The” (Besant), 246

Aspects of the Novel
(Forster), 248–49

Asquith, H. H., 323

Assommoir, L’
(Zola), 39, 200–201, 252

Athenaeum, 79, 97–98

Athenaeum,
220

Athens, 180

Atlanta Constitution,
220

Atlantic Monthly,
xiv, xix, 13, 23, 25, 37, 98, 129, 130, 199, 265, 305

   “Contributors’ Club” in, 210, 218, 250

   HJ serialized in, 24, 34, 43, 44, 71, 100, 101, 103, 104, 130, 166, 173, 208–13, 215, 217–21, 222, 284

   
The Portrait of a Lady
reviewed in, 241

Austen, Jane, 5, 35, 57, 68, 72, 75, 192, 234

Austria, 166

autocracy, 315

Avignon, 166

Baden-Baden, 39

Bad Nauheim, 320

Baedeker, 147, 166

Bakunin, Mikhail, 126

Baldwin, William, 183

Balzac, Honoré de, 35, 52, 58, 68, 98, 113, 192, 314–15

Barberini, Colonel, 145

Barings Bank, 49

Bayreuth, 92, 93, 94

Beerbohm, Max, 300

Beethoven, Ludwig van, 111

Belgium, 322, 323

Bellosguardo, 122, 133, 135, 138, 226, 277

Bennett, Arnold, 290

Benson, A. C., xxii

Berlin, 80

Besant, Walter, 246

Bien Public, La,
200–201

bigamy, 195

“Birthmark, The” (Hawthorne), 315

Bismarck, Otto von, 33

Blackmur, R. P., 318

Blackwood’s,
194, 241–42, 244, 331

Bleak House
(Dickens), 68, 131, 215, 216, 218

Boboli Gardens, 121

Bologna, 126

Boott, Elizabeth (Lizzie), 41, 123, 128, 131, 138, 148, 176, 180, 321

Boott, Frank, 123, 128, 131, 138–39, 148, 176, 180, 182, 183, 321

Bosanquet, Theodora, 88, 101, 310, 312, 321, 324

Boston, Mass., xv, 18, 23, 37, 40, 93, 150, 209, 210, 240, 257, 258, 259, 260, 263, 265, 281, 331

   Charles Dickens’s visit to, 25

“Boston Mutual Admiration Society,” 246

Boston Public Library, 170–71

“Boule de Suif” (Maupassant), 197

Bright, John, 104

Brighton, 103

British Empire, 210

Bronson, Katharine De Kay, 137, 168, 185

Brontë, Anne, 208–9

Brontë, Charlotte, 68, 131, 208–9, 241

Brontë, Emily, 208–9

Brooke, Dorothea (char.), 7, 9, 52, 63–65, 68–70, 142, 217, 220, 234–35, 244, 271, 331–32

Brooks, Peter, 198

Brownell, W. C., 241

Browning, Elizabeth Barrett, 121, 146, 149, 150

Browning, Robert, 8, 102, 121, 146, 149, 150, 169, 265

“Buried Life, The” (Arnold), 158

Burne-Jones, Edward, 61

Burroughs, John, 210

Byron, Allegra, 178

Byron, Lord George Gordon, 172, 178, 209

Cable, George Washington, 244

Cairo, 180

California, xv

Californian
(San Francisco), 241

Cambridge, Mass., 23, 24, 89, 93, 101, 103, 123, 148, 150, 199, 299, 318

Cambridge Cemetery, 257, 261, 263, 324

Campagna, 269

Canada, 49

“Candour in Fiction,” 195

Caravaggio, 143, 225

Carlyle, Thomas, 210, 265

Casa Semitecolo, 181, 188

categorical imperative, 314–15

Cenci, Beatrice, 226

Cenci, The
(Shelley), 226

Centro Studi Americani, 226

Century,
209, 243, 282

Cervantes, Miguel de, 192

Chanel, Coco, 197

characters, characterization:

   analytical method of, 242–43

   of Constance Fenimore Woolson, 130–31

   of George Eliot, xxiv, 7, 52, 244, 271, 276

   of HJ, 40, 46–47, 74–75, 139, 242–43

   of Ivan Turgenev, 39–40

   novel of incident vs. novel of, 248–49

Charleston, S.C., xx

Chaucer, Geoffrey, 59

Cheever, John, 86, 143–44

Cheltenham, 180

Child, Theodore, 249–50

China,
RMS, 12

Christian socialism, 209

Christmas Garland, A
(Beerbohm), 300

Civil War, U.S., xv, xx, 8, 23, 40, 109, 259, 265

   black Union regiments in, 18

   James family and, 16, 17–19, 77, 322–23

Clairmont, Claire, 178–79

Claudian Aqueduct, 153

Claudius, Emperor of Rome, 153

Clay & Taylor, 240

Coburn, Alvin Langdon, xxiii,
1,
55

Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 153

Colonna, Vittoria, 136

Compton, Edward, 287–89

Compton Comedy Company, 287

Concord Academy, 17

Confederate States of America, 40

Conrad, Joseph, xxii, 218–19, 231, 237, 253, 280, 300

consciousness, 199, 302–3, 304

Cooper, James Fenimore, 69, 122, 128

copyright:

   international, 42, 212–13

   and New York Edition, 319

Cornhill,
104, 209, 212

Cornwall, 45

Cortona, Pietro da, 225

Country Life,
48

Covent Garden, 99

Crane, Stephen, 246, 330

Crime and Punishment
(Dostoevsky), 251

Cross, John, 57–60

   biography of George Eliot by, 65

   HJ’s letters to, 57, 59, 61

Curtis, Ariana, 168–69, 182

Curtis, Daniel, 168–69

Daniel Deronda
(Eliot), 8, 58, 63, 66, 68–69, 231, 276

Dante Alighieri, 32, 94

Darwin, Charles, 209

Daudet, Alphonse, 198, 199, 243, 249–50

Daughters of Edward Darley Boit, The,
334

David Copperfield
(Dickens), 215, 216

Débâcle, La
(Zola), 251–52

Democracy
(Adams), 244

Dencombe (char.), xiv

Detroit Free Press,
220

Dickens, Charles, 61, 68,, 98, 99, 131, 152, 202, 315

   American visit of, 25, 89

   audience of, xix, 202, 215, 241

   HJ on, 26, 58, 244–45, 247

   serialization and, 209, 215, 216, 218, 231

   structure of novels of, 63–64, 216, 218, 231, 247

Dictionary of National Biography,
49

divorce, 273

   G. H. Lewes unable to obtain, 58

   in
What Maisie Knew,
294–95

dollar princesses, 109

Domenichino, 225

Don Juan
(Byron), 172

Donne, John, 299

Dostoevsky, Fyodor, 251

Douglas, Lord Alfred, 83

Dreiser, Theodore, 246

Du Maurier, George, 286

Duncan, Isadora, 126

Edel, Leon, 13, 18, 131, 260–61, 289

Edinburgh, 320

Egypt, 161

elections:

   of 1852, 32

   of 1860, 17, 23

   of 1872, 134

   of 1877, 101

Eliot, George, xvi, 8–9, 75, 142, 195, 241, 242, 314

   appearance of, 62

   characterization in, xxiv, 7, 52, 244, 271, 276

   compelling talk by, 61–62

   Cross’s marriage to, 57–60

   death of, 61, 245, 264

   HJ’s critical and admiring opinion of, 26, 62–67, 68, 82, 96, 267

   HJ’s visits to, 61

   marriage in novels by, 68–70, 231–32, 325, 331–32

   serialization and, 212, 216–17, 218

   structure in novels of, 231–32, 234–36

Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 148, 271

   death of, 264

   HJ on, 265

   self-reliance as concept of, xix, 52, 114–15, 252, 315

Engelberg, 208

England, 12, 101, 180, 181, 227, 305, 323

   divorce in, 273

   HJ in, 27, 28, 37, 165, 192

English Review,
218

Europe, 304

   American novelists and, 31–32

   Americans in, 145–46, 149–54

   anonymous sexuality in, 90

   coming to terms with, 259

   HJ’s American acquaintances in, 123

   Madame Merle as voice of, 114

   national traditions in, 32

   significance of, 114–15, 126, 278, 305

Evans, Isaac, 59

Evans, Mary Ann,
see
Eliot, George

Evans, Robert, 58

Examiner,
220–21

expatriates, 145–46, 149–54

   dollar princesses, 109

   Europeanized, 79

   in Florence, 167, 177

   Gilbert Osmond as exemplary type of, 124, 163

   HJ as, xii, xv, xxii, 31, 34, 54, 77–78, 79, 80, 95, 102, 126, 197, 239–40, 281, 305

   in HJ’s novels, 37, 134, 280, 283, 300–301, 303, 309

   in Italy, 125–26, 138

   in Paris, 146, 165–66, 169

   in Rome, 138, 142, 145, 149–50, 166, 167, 226, 319

   in Venice, 167, 168–69

False Dawn
(Wharton), 139

Far from the Madding Crowd
(Hardy), 328

Father and Son
(Gosse), 83

Fathers and Sons
(Turgenev), 39

Faulkner, William, 156, 231, 237, 302, 321

Fields, Annie, 37

Fields, J. T., 23, 24

Fiesole, 38, 127

54th Massachusetts Infantry, 18

Figaro, Le,
166

Fille Elisa, La
(Goncourt), 199

Fitzgerald, F. Scott, 278

Flaubert, Gustave, 9, 78, 107, 192, 202

   adultery as theme of, 68, 195, 303

   death of, 264, 267

   James Fitzjames Stephen on, 193–94

   literary descendants of, 250–51

   literary gatherings of, 39, 90, 96, 197–201, 249–50, 265–66

Fletcherizing, 319

Florence, 138, 141, 148, 155, 158, 159, 160, 176, 180

   expatriates in, 167, 177

   Gilbert Osmond in, 133–34, 142, 157, 196

   HJ in, xviii, xix, xxiv, 28, 38, 41, 42, 44, 92, 94, 126–28, 130–32, 166, 173, 176–79, 181, 258, 321

   Michael Gorra in, 121–24, 138, 177

   Nathaniel Hawthorne in, 122, 125–26

   partial modernization of, 121–22

“Florentine Experiment, A” (Woolson), 130–31

Florian’s, 168

Florida, xv, 27, 308, 309

Forster, E. M., 248–49

Fourier, Charles, 14

France, 12, 39, 166, 321

   HJ’s works little known in, 250

   manifestos in, 245

   novels in, 193–204, 244, 246, 249, 250–53

   political upheaval in, 33

   theater in, 287

Franco-Prussian War, 33, 197, 252

Freud, Sigmund, 75, 252, 281

Fullerton, Morton, 79, 88–89, 298–99