Life on a Young Planet (55 page)

sterol,
94
; oxygen requirement for synthesis of,
98
–
99

stewardship, planetary,
246

Stolper, Ed,
228

stromatolites,
44
,
93
,
116
–
120
; in Bil’yakh rocks,
117
–
118
; in Gunflint rocks,
90
–
92
; in Nama rocks,
164
; in Spitsbergen rocks,
44
–
46
; in Warrawoonah rocks,
57
–
60
,
63

sugar: in prebiotic chemistry,
74
,
79
; role in endosymbiosis,
126

sulfate,
20
,
21
,
47
,
101
–
102
,
105
,
219
; bacterial reduction of,
20
–
22
; respiration using,
20
–
22
,
47
,
85

sulfate-reducing bacteria,
22
,
47
,
49
,
64
,
85
,
101
,
211

sulfur,
22
; cycle of,
22
–
23
,
68
,
93

sulfur isotopes,
97
,
99
,
102
,
219
; fractionation of,
47
,
49
; in Gunflint rocks,
93
; mass independent fractionation of,
97
,
102
–
103
; in Warrawoonah rocks,
64

Summons, Roger,
46
,
94

supercontinent, break-up of,
209

Swartpuntia
,
167
,
169
–
170
,
177
,
plate 7

Swift, Jonathan,
156

symbiosis,
123

Szostak, Jack,
80
–
81

Takacs, Carter,
202

Tappania
,
plate 6

tepee structures,
36

Terrestrial Planet Finder,
240

Tetrahymena thermophila
,
77

theology,
245

Thiemans, Mark,
102

Thomas, Lewis,
131

tidal flats,
7
,
36
,
39
,
41
–
42
,
44
,
57
,
93
,
113
–
114
,
117
,
120
,
149

tillite,
141
,
206
–
208
,
210
,
212
,
213
; Nantuo,
141
; Numees,
207

time, geologic,
2
,
52
–
54

Timofeev, Boris,
152
,
164

tinman
,
196
–
197

tissue(s),
147
,
183
–
184

Titan,
240

Tomitani, Akiko,
112

tool kit, developmental,
182
,
195
–
197
,
224

Towe, Kenneth,
218

transcription (of DNA to RNA),
17
,
25
,
75
–
76
,
132
,
134
,
195

translation (of RNA to protein),
17
,
75
–
76
,
132

Tree of Life,
16
,
18
–
19
,
24
–
28
,
30
–
31
,
34
,
49
,
57
,
67
–
69
,
84
,
94
,
126
–
127
,
136
,
144
,
162
,
164
,
215
; calibration by fossils,
95
,
152
,
194
; position of humans in,
244
; root of,
26
–
27

Tribrachidium
,
172

trichomonads,
127

Trichomonas
,
136

trilobites,
1
,
11
,
13
,
17
,
44
,
165
,
170
,
171
,
189
,
plate 8

Tyler, Stanley,
34
,
89

Ubx
,
197

uniformitarian principle,
38

Upanishads,
244

uraninite (UO
₂
),
96
–
97

uranium-lead (U-Pb), in geochronology,
54
–
55

Urey, Harold,
74

van der Rohe, Mies,
38

van Kranendonk, Martin,
60

Vaucheria
, fossils resembling,
150

Veis, Alexei,
121

Vendia
,
173

vendobionts,
166
–
170

Vidal, Gonzalo,
153
,
216

Viking mission,
228

virus,
231

Wächtershäuser, Gunther,
83
–
84

Wade, Mary,
168

Waggoner, Ben,
173

Walcott, Charles Doolittle,
146

Wallin, Ivan,
131
–
132

Walsh, Maud,
67

Walter, Malcolm,
57
,
69

Ward, Peter,
241

Warrawoona Group,
50
–
51
,
55
–
64
,
67
,
70
,
84
; age of,
56
; C-isotopes in,
63
–
64
; possibly biological microstructures in,
60
–
63
,
232
; S-isotopes in,
64
; stromatolites in,
57
–
60
,
63

Watanabe, Yoshio,
220

Watters, Wes,
176
–
177

Wdowiak, Tom,
63

Wegener, Alfred,
38

Wellmer, F. M.,
99
–
100

Weng’an, China,
140
,
145
,
147
–
148

Wheeler, John Archibald,
3

Whitehouse, Martin,
70

White Sea, Russia,
166
,
168
,
172
,
197

Whitman, Walt,
1

Wills, Matthew,
192

Wiwaxia
,
191
–
192
Woese, Carl,
24
,
133