Read Gertrude Stein (Critical Lives) Online
Authors: Lucy Daniel
Tags: #Gertrude Stein, #Biography & Autobiography, #Literary, #Literary Criticism, #Women Authors, #American
Gertrude Stein (Critical Lives) (29 page)
1
Gertrude Stein, autobiographical notes for
Geography and Plays
, 1922, Yale Collection of American Literature.
2
Anonymous, ‘Gertrude Stein in Critical French Eyes’,
The Literary
Digest
, 6 February 1926. Reproduced in Kirk Curnutt, ed.,
The Critical
Response to Gertrude Stein
(Westport, CT, 2000), p. 32.
3
William Carlos Williams,
Autobiography
(New York, 1951), p. 237.
4
See, for example, Charles W. Chessnut on ‘the formation of a future American race’, in ‘The Future American’ (1900), in
Theories of
Ethnicity
, ed. Werner Sollors (New York, 1989), p. 17, or Theodore Roosevelt’s 1888 study of Governor Morris in
Theodore Roosevelt: An
American Mind
(New York, 1994), p. 95.
5
Anonymous review,
Daily Oklahoman
, 25 February 1934.
6
One reviewer compared it to
Buddenbrooks
and
The Forsyte Saga
; anonymous review,
New York Nation
, 11 April 1934.
7
Suzanne Clark’s idea of an attempt to ‘restore the sentimental
within
modernism, and the sense of great struggle over subjectivity that the resulting contradictions precipitated’ is relevant here; see Suzanne Clark,
Sentimental Modernism: Women Writers and the Revolution of the
Word
(Bloomington, IN, 1991), p. 4.
8
Gertrude Stein,
The Making of Americans
(Normal, IL, 1995), p. 283.
9
Letter from Gertrude Stein to Rousseau Voorhies,
Chicago Daily News
, 14 March 1934.
10
Stein,
The Making of Americans
, p. 574.
11
Gertrude Stein, ‘The Gradual Making of The Making of Americans’, in
Selected Writings of Gertrude Stein
(New York, 1972), p. 246.
12
Richard Bridgman,
Gertrude Stein in Pieces
(New York, 1970), p. 73.
13
See Otto Weininger,
Sex and Character
(London, 1906). This is the first English translation, which Stein would have read.
14
For discussion of Stein’s reading of Lombroso and Weininger see Ulla Dydo, ‘To Have the Winning Language’, in
Coming to Light
, ed. Diane Wood Middlebrook and Marilyn Yalom (Ann Arbor, MI, 1985), pp. 58–73.
15
For a varied and informative overview of Weininger criticism, see Nancy A. Harrowitz and Barbara Hyams, eds,
Jews and Gender:
Responses to Otto Weininger
(Philadelphia, PA, 1995).
16
See Rosalind Miller,
Gertrude Stein: Form and Intelligibility
(New York, 1949 ), p. 128.
17
Gertrude Stein,
Painted Lace and Other Pieces: 1914–1937
(New Haven, CT, 1955), p. 94.
18
Maria Damon discusses this extract in ‘Gertrude Stein’s Jewishness, Jewish Social Scientists, and the “Jewish Question”’,
Modern Fiction
Studies
, XLII/3 (1996), p. 503.
19
See Linda Wagner-Martin,
‘Favored Strangers’: Gertrude Stein and Her
Family
(New Brunswick, NJ, 1995), p. 185.
20
Stein,
Selected Writings
, p. 11.
21
Horace Kallen, ‘Democracy versus the Melting-Pot’ [1915], in
Theories
of Ethnicity: A Classical Reader
, ed. Werner Sollors (New York, 1996), p. 91.
22
Stein,
The Making of Americans
, p. 3.
23
Ibid., p. 459.
24
Roland Barthes,
The Pleasure of the Text
, trans. Richard Miller (Oxford, 1990 ), p. 14.
25
Gertrude Stein,
Narration
(Chicago, IL, 1935), p. 52.
26
Stein,
The Making of Americans
, p. 227. See Jayne L. Walker, ‘History as Repetition’, in
Modern Critical Views: Gertrude Stein
, ed. Harold Bloom (New York, 1986), p. 178.
27
Stein,
The Making of Americans
, p. 593.
28
Gertrude Stein, ‘A Transatlantic Interview 1946’, in
A Primer for the
Gradual Understanding of Gertrude Stein
, ed. Robert Bartlett Haas (Los Angeles, CA, 1971), p. 20.
29
Stein,
The Making of Americans
, p. 33.
30
Donald Gallup, ed.,
The Flowers of Friendship: Letters Written to Gertrude
Stein
(New York, 1953). Michael Gold similarly stated that Stein’s ‘art became a personal pleasure, a private hobby, a vice’, in ‘Gertrude Stein: A Literary Idiot’,
Change the World!
(London, 1937), p. 25.
31
Stein’s response is quoted by Brenda Wineapple,
Sister Brother:
Gertrude and Leo Stein
(London, 1997), p. 335.
32
Gertrude Stein, Catalogue, Riba-Rovira Exhibition, Galerie Roquepine (Paris, 1945), reproduced in
Pictures for a Picture of Gertrude Stein
, ed. Lamont Moore (New Haven, CT, 1951), p. 18.
33
See Steven Meyer,
Irresistible Dictation: Gertrude Stein and the
Correlations of Writing and Science
(Stanford, CA, 2001), p. 295.
34
Gertrude Stein,
Two: Gertrude Stein and Her Brother, and Other Early
Portraits
(New Haven, CT, 1951), introduction by Janet Flanner, p. xiii.
35
James R. Mellow,
Charmed Circle: Gertrude Stein and Company
(New York, 1974), p. 181.
36
Gertrude Stein, ‘Farragut or A Husband’s Recompense’, in
Useful
Knowledge
(New York, 1929), p. 13.
37
See Lucia Re, ‘The Salon and Literary Modernism’, in
Jewish Women
and their Salons: The Power of Conversation
, ed. Emily D. Bilski and Emily Braun (New Haven, CT, 2005), p. 190.
38
Mellow,
Charmed Circle
, p. 192.
39
Gertrude Stein,
Geography and Plays
(Boston, MA, 1922), p. 192.
40
See Bilski and Braun,
Jewish Women and their Salons
, p. 237.
1
See Sharon Marcus,
Between Women: Friendship, Desire and Marriage
in Victorian England
(Princeton, NJ, 2007), pp. 193–255.
2
Mabel Dodge Luhan,
European Experiences
(New York, 1935), p. 325.
3
See Linda Simon,
The Biography of Alice B. Toklas
(London, 1991).
4
Terry Castle, ed.,
The Literature of Lesbianism: A Historical Anthology
from Ariosto to Stonewall
(New York, 2003), p. 32.
5
See Shari Benstock,
Women of the Left Bank: Paris 1900–1940
(London, 1987 ), p. 175.
6
See George Wickes, ‘A Natalie Barney Garland’,
The Paris Review
(Spring 1975), pp. 115–16.
7
Gertrude Stein,
Selected Writings
(New York, 1972), p. 109.
8
Gertrude Stein,
Fernhurst, QED, and Other Early Writings by Gertrude
Stein
, ed. Leon Katz (New York, 1971), p. 118.
9
See Richard Bridgman,
Gertrude Stein in Pieces
(New York, 1970), p. 46.
10
Ibid., p. 119.
11
Gertrude Stein,
Matisse Picasso and Gertrude Stein with Two Shorter
Stories
(Paris, 1933), p. 266.
12
‘A Transatlantic Interview 1946’, in
A Primer for the Gradual
Understanding of Gertrude Stein
, ed. Robert Bartlett Haas (Los Angeles, ca, 1973), p. 17.
13
Benstock,
Women of the Left Bank
, p. 157.
14
Neil Schmitz,
Of Huck and Alice: Humorous Writing in American
Literature
(Minneapolis, MN, 1983), p. 194. As Schmitz says, it ‘splinters’ from the ‘methodical’ prose of
The Making of Americans
to the poetry of
Tender Buttons
.
15
Stein,
Matisse Picasso and Gertrude Stein
, p. 115.
16
Ibid., p. 116.
17
Ibid., p. 17.
18
Ibid., p. 115.
19
Gertrude Stein,
Tender Buttons
(New York, 1914), p. 58.
20
Ibid., p. 70.
21
‘New Outbreaks of Futurism: “Tender Buttons,” Curious Experiment of Gertrude Stein in Literary Anarchy’, in
The Critical Response to
Gertrude Stein
, ed. Kirk Curnutt (Westport, CT, 2000), p. 18.
22
Quoted in James R. Mellow,
Charmed Circle: Gertrude Stein and
Company
(New York, 1974), p. 258.
23
Stein,
Selected Writings
, pp. 147–8.
24
Brenda Wineapple has drawn attention to this process in Stein’s ‘Possessive Case’, for example. See Wineapple,
Sister Brother: Gertrude
and Leo Stein
(London, 1997), p. 387.
25
Gertrude Stein,
Bee Time Vine
(New Haven, CT, 1953), p. 80.
26
Gertrude Stein,
Geography and Plays
(Boston, MA, 1922), p. 302.
27
Cynthia Secor wrote that Stein ‘was truly radical in her belief that gender is meaningless’; see Cynthia Secor, ‘Gertrude Stein: The Complex Force of Her Femininity’, in
Women, the Arts, and the 1920s in Paris and
New York
, ed. Kenneth W. Wheeler and Virginia Lee Lussier (New Brunswick, NJ, 1982), pp. 27–35.
28
Stein,
Geography and Plays
, p. 18.
29
Gertrude Stein, ‘This is the Dress, Aider’, in
Tender Buttons
, p. 29.
30
Stein,
Bee Time Vine
, p. 91.
31
Stein,
Selected Writings
, p. 134.
32
Quoted in Mabel Dodge Luhan,
Movers and Shakers
(New York, 1936), p. 33.
33
Quoted in Mellow,
Charmed Circle
, p. 171.
34
Quoted in Luhan,
Movers and Shakers
, p. 35.
35
Stein,
Selected Writings
, p. 150.
36
Janet Hobhouse,
Everybody Who Was Anybody: A Biography of Gertrude
Stein
(London, 1975), p. 110.
37
Quoted in Wineapple,
Sister Brother
, p. 2.
38
The title of a critical piece published by Robert McAlmon in
Outlook
was ‘The Legend of Gertrude Stein’.
39
Alice B. Toklas,
What Is Remembered
(London, 1963), p. 127.
1
Gertrude Stein,
Selected Writings of Gertrude Stein
(New York, 1972), p. 84.
2
‘Medals for Miss Stein’,
New York Tribune
, 13 May 1923, in Kirk Curnutt, ed.,
The Critical Response to Gertrude Stein
(Westport, CT, 2000 ), p. 23.
3
In
The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas
, Stein mentions proudly that Madame Récamier came from Belley, the region of France where she and Toklas had their country home; Stein,
Selected Writings
, p. 210.
4
See Robert A. Martin and Linda Wagner-Martin, ‘The Salons of Wharton’s Fiction’, in
Wretched Exotic: Essays on Edith Wharton in
Europe
, ed. Katherine Joslin and Alan Price (New York, 1993), pp. 105 –6; and Shari Benstock,
Women of the Left Bank: Paris 1900–1940
(London, 1987), pp. 34–45.
5
Stein,
Selected Writings
, p. 12.
6
Ibid.
7
Donald Gallup, ed.,
The Flowers of Friendship: Letters Written to
Gertrude Stein
(New York, 1953), p. 48.
8
Stein,
Selected Writings
, p. 116.
9
Frederick A. Sweet,
Miss Mary Cassatt: Impressionist from Pennsylvania
(Norman, OK, 1966), p. 196.
10
James R. Mellow,
Charmed Circle: Gertrude Stein and Company
(New York, 1974), p. 178.
11
Ibid., p. 180.
12
Quoted in Brenda Wineapple,
Sister Brother: Gertrude and Leo Stein
(London, 1997), p. 397.