David Ascendant (Chronicles of the Nephilim Book 7) (47 page)

[1]
G. Ernest Wright, “Troglodytes and Giants in Palestine,”
Journal of Biblical Literature
57:3 (Sept 1938): 305-309.

[2]
Clyde E. Billington, “Goliath and The Exodus Giants: How Tall Were They?”
JETS
, 50/3 (September 2007) 489-508.

[3]
Conservative scholars claim that Moses wrote the Pentateuch during the time of the Exodus, so that would most likely mean that the older longer cubit was used in those texts. Critical scholars claim that Moses did not write the Pentateuch, but that it was mostly written and/or compiled during the time of the Exile which would mean they most likely used the newer shorter cubit in the Pentateuch, but then made some reference to that older cubit in Chronicles and Ezekiel to remind their readers of the changeover.

[4]
If this is the case, then the Septuagint translators misunderstood the cubit of the Hebrew text as being the smaller cubit, when in fact it was the larger Egyptian cubit. They would then be translating the number incorrectly downward.

[5]
The longer cubit however is most likely not being used in reference to Og’s height since the text says it is measuring “according to the common cubit” as opposed to the royal cubit.

[6]
Michael Hesier, “Clash of the Manuscripts: Goliath & the Hebrew Text of the Old Testament,”
Bible Study Magazine
May/Jun2009, Vol. 1 Issue 4, p33;  http://biblestudymagazine.com/interactive/goliath/#

[7]
Conrad E. L'Heureux “The yelîdê hārāpā': A Cultic Association of Warriors,”
Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research
, No. 221,(Feb., 1976), pp. 83-85.

[8]
See Brian Godawa,
Enoch Primordial
Appendix on the Rephaim,( Los Angeles, CA, Embedded Pictures Publishing, 2012), pp 364-366.

[9]
See Appendix B “The Nephilim,”
Noah Primeval
(Los Angeles, Embedded Pictures, 2012), 304-322.

[10]
Special thanks to Doug Van Dorn for this bit of research.
Beresheet A,
20.224, “There are five races of mixed multitude.  These are the Nefilim (fallen), the Giborim (mighty), the Anakim (giants), the Refaim (shades) and the Amalekim.”  Van Dorn, Douglas (2013-01-21).
Giants: Sons of the Gods
(Kindle Locations 2629-2631). Waters of Creation. Kindle Edition. It is important to note however that the Zohar is of questionable origin, so it represents a much later tradition than is preferable for our ancient research.

[11]
“A tradition told in the famous Al-Khitat, a history of Egyptian lore compiled by al-Maqrizi (1364-1442 AD), recounts the teaching of one master Ibrahim bin Wasif Shah (d. 1203 AD) who said that King Adim (Ad) was, ‘A violent and proud prince, tall in stature.’”  Van Dorn,
Giants
(Kindle Locations 2605-2608).

[12]
Like Edom, Moab and Ammon were to be left alone by the Israelites in their conquest because of their descendancy from Lot, Abraham’s nephew (Deut. 2:9, 19). But then King David conquers all three of these peoples for his kingdom; Edom, Moab and Ammon (2 Sam. 8; 10). It was as if God was saving their ultimate dispossession for his messiah king.

[13]
“There shall come a man out of his seed, and he shall rule over many nations; and the kingdom of Gog (or “Og”) shall be exalted, and his kingdom shall be increased.” Lancelot Charles Lee Brenton,
The Septuagint Version of the Old Testament: English Translation
(London: Samuel Bagster and Sons, 1870), Nu 24:7. For the Og version, se
e
John William Wevers, ed.,
Numeri, vol. III, 1, Vetus Testamentum Graecum. Auctoritate Academiae Scientiarum Gottingensis Editum
(Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1982), 289.

[14]
John H. Walton,
Zondervan Illustrated Bible Backgrounds Commentary (Old Testament): Joshua, Judges, Ruth, 1 & 2 Samuel, vol. 2
(Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2009), 311.

[15]
Robert D. Bergen,
1, 2 Samuel
, vol. 7, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 121.

[16]
Special thanks to Douglas Van Dorn for this discovery.

[17]
Lancelot Charles Lee Brenton,
The Septuagint Version of the Old Testament: English Translation
(London: Samuel Bagster and Sons, 1870), 2 Kgdms 21:11.

[18]
David scholar McCarter suggests “overtook them” may be translated “captured them,” as in capturing the bones of the Saulides. (P. Kyle McCarter Jr,
II Samuel: a New Translation with Introduction, Notes, and Commentary
,
vol. 9, Anchor Yale Bible
(New Haven; London: Yale University Press, 2008), 440.) The Lexham LXX translates that phrase as “took them down,” as if to mean that the giant took down the remains of the six hanged descendants of Saul in order for the Gibeonites to release them to Rizpah. But in the Bible, giants are never in a positive disposition toward Israel, so this is most likely not the best translation. Randall Tan and David A. deSilva, Logos Bible Software,
The Lexham Greek-English Interlinear Septuagint
(Logos Bible Software, 2009), 2 Kgdms 21:11–12
.

[19]
Brian Godawa, Appendix,
Joshua Valiant
, (Los Angeles, CA: Embedded Pictures Publishing, 2013), 322. See also, Judd H. Burton,
Interview With the Giant: Ethnohistorical Notes on the Nephilim
(Burton Beyond Press, 2009) 20.

[20]
Randall Tan and David A. deSilva, Logos Bible Software,
The Lexham Greek-English Interlinear Septuagint
(Logos Bible Software, 2009), 2 Kgdms 21:11, 22.

[21]
David Tsumura,
The First Book of Samuel, The New International Commentary on the Old Testament
(Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2007), 442.

[22]
Yigal Yadin,
The Art of Warfare in Biblical Lands
, 2 vols. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1963), I, pp. 196–97; II, p. 354.

[23]
Ralph W. Klein,
1 Samuel, vol. 10, Word Biblical Commentary
(Dallas: Word, Incorporated, 1998), 176.

[24]
Yadin, Y. 1955. “Goliath’s javelin and the menor `orgim”,
PEQ
87:58-69

[25]
Robert D. Bergen,
1, 2 Samuel, vol. 7, The New American Commentary
(Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 448.

[26]
“Although the LXX interferes seriously in the text, presupposing a double haplography in the Hebrew text, this reading points into the right direction. As a matter of fact NKH Hiphʿil in the historical books never means to strike upon an object (cf. also E. Jenni, ErIs 24 [1993] 114–118), but to strike down, i.e. to kill somebody... Consequently, Ariel here designates some kind of person, best translated as ‘lion of God’: S. Münger, “Ariel,” ed. Karel van der Toorn, Bob Becking, and Pieter W. van der Horst,
Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible
(Leiden; Boston; Köln; Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge: Brill; Eerdmans, 1999), 88–89.

[27]
Francis Brown, Samuel Rolles Driver and Charles Augustus Briggs,
Enhanced Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon
, electronic ed., 72 (Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research Systems, 2000).

[28]
W. Herrmann, “El,” ed. Karel van der Toorn, Bob Becking, and Pieter W. van der Horst, Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible (Leiden; Boston; Köln; Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge: Brill; Eerdmans, 1999), 275.