Read Core Topics in General & Emergency Surgery: Companion to Specialist Surgical Practice Online

Authors: Simon Paterson-Brown MBBS MPhil MS FRCS

Core Topics in General & Emergency Surgery: Companion to Specialist Surgical Practice (93 page)

D

Dabigatran etexilate,
274
Damage control laparotomy (DCL),
235–237
,
336–337
Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness (DARE),
5
Day case surgery,
41–56
development,
42–43
,
43b
future trends,
53–54
good practice,
48–53
anaesthesia
See
Anaesthesia, day case
attitudes,
50
complications,
52
controversies,
50–51
discharge,
51–52
procedures, rates,
50
recovery, staged,
51
,
52f
paediatric,
52–53
,
53b
patient viewpoint,
43–48
facilities,
43
Day surgery: operational guide
(DOH),
42–43
Day surgery cycle,
44–48
,
44f
admission,
47
discharge,
47–48
,
48b
patient selection,
44–46
body mass index (BMI),
45
,
45f
medical factors,
45–46
,
46t
smoking,
45
social factors,
44
preoperative assessment,
46–47
investigations,
47
D-dimers,
275
Decompression, sigmoid volvulus,
182
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT),
275
clinical features,
275
D-dimers,
275
diagnostic algorithms,
275
,
275t
,
276
imaging techniques,
276
computed tomography (CT),
276
impedance plethysmography (IP),
276
magnetic resonance angiography (MRA),
276
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),
276
venography,
276
venous ultrasound,
276
See also
Venous thromboembolism (VTE)
Department of Health (UK),
11
,
18
,
42–43
,
298–299
,
333
Diabetes mellitus,
46
type II,
345
Diagnostic Assessment Programme (DAP) (NICE),
12
Diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL),
232
Diaphragm injury scale,
257t
Diatrizoatemeglumine,
101
Diets,
316
,
345
Dieulafoy’s lesion,
121
Diltiazem,
209–210
Discounting,
31–32
Double-bubble appearance,
216
,
216f
,
219
Double-layer closure technique (Nissen),
104
Drip and suck regimen,
160
Duhamel procedure,
219
Dumping syndrome,
355
Duodenal perforations,
110–112
Duodenal switch,
347
,
348f
complications,
351t
,
354–355
Duodenal ulcers, giant,
104
,
104f
Duodenal-jejunal barrier, complications,
351t
,
356
bleeding,
356
bowel obstruction,
356
migration,
356
Duodenitis,
121
Duodenojejunostomy,
104
Duodenostomy, catheter,
104
,
104f
Duodenum injury scale,
260t
Dutch Acute Pancreatitis Study Group,
146
Dysphagia,
350–352

E

Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma,
243
Ebb and flow phases, trauma,
308–310
,
308f
Echocardiography,
277
Economic evaluation,
32–37
,
33t
cost-benefit analysis,
35
cost-effectiveness
analysis,
33–34
incremental, ratios (ICER),
34
league tables,
34–35
cost-minimisation analysis,
33
cost-utility analysis,
34
ethical issues,
37
method, choice,
35
,
36t
recent advances,
37
sensitivity analysis,
36–37
extremes, analysis,
36
probabilistic analysis (PSA),
37
simple,
36
threshold analysis,
36
value of information analysis,
37
willingness-to-pay (WTP) thresholds,
35
Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC),
12–13
Effectiveness and Efficiency
(Cochrane),
1
Elastic compression stockings, graduated (GECSs),
273
,
273b
Elective surgery,
82
,
83b
Electrocardiography (ECG),
47
Electrolyte disturbances,
319b
Elemental diets,
316
EMBASE database,
4–5
Emergency medical services (EMS),
229–230
Emergency surgery
abdominal hernias,
76
day cases,
53
pancreaticobiliary
See
Pancreaticobiliary emergencies
Emergency surgery, general
early assessment, acute abdomen,
83–86
management,
81
,
82b
services organisation,
82–83
elective, separation,
82
,
83b
subspecialisation,
83
Emphysematous cholecystitis,
137
,
137f
‘End Result Idea’,
1
Endoscopic duodeno-jejunal sleeve,
349
,
349f
Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR),
110
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP),
134
,
135f
acute cholangitis,
141–142
acute pancreatitis,
146
,
151b
duodenal/jejunal perforations,
110–112
ERCP-related complications,
151–152
,
152f
Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD),
110
Endoscopic treatment, peptic ulcers,
122–125
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS),
134b
,
151b
Endoscopy,
120–121
Endotherapy, mucosal/submucosal tumours,
110
Energy
assessment,
314
sources,
318–319
Enhanced recovery,
53
Enteral nutritional support,
315–316
access routes,
315–316
acute pancreatitis,
148–150
,
321
delivery/complications,
316
,
317b
importance,
315
nutrient solutions,
316
perioperative,
321
Enterocutaneous fistulas,
322
Enterolith obstruction,
163–164
Enterostomy tube,
336
Epigastric hernias,
60–61
aetiology,
60
clinical presentation,
60
complications,
61
management,
60–61
operative details,
60–61
EQ-5D questionnaire,
27
,
29–30
Escherichia coli
,
140
Esomeprazole,
125
Essential fatty acids,
322
Ethical issues,
37
European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN),
317
,
321b
,
322
,
323–324
EuroQol questionnaire,
27
Evidence-based Medicine
(journal),
4
Evidence-based Mental Health
(journal),
4
Evidence-based Nursing
(journal),
4
Evidence-based medicine (EBM),
1–22
audit,
18–19
,
18f
clinical guidelines,
11–13
critical appraisal,
5–8
grading, evidence,
13–16
,
13b
,
13t
,
14t
determining strength, evidence,
14–15
recommendations,
15t
,
16
system,
15–16
,
15t
implementation,
16–17
,
17b
integrated care pathways (ICPs),
13
meta-analysis,
9–11
heterogeneity,
9–11
,
10f
,
11f
need for,
2–3
process,
3
sources, evidence,
3–5
systematic literature reviews,
8–9
discussion,
9
evaluation studies,
9
literature search,
8–9
question protocol,
8
results, synthesis,
9
Evidence-Based Practice (EBP),
5
Exercise capacity, measures,
293–294
External validity,
3
Extrahepatic biliary tree injury scale,
259t
Extremes, analysis,
36

F

Factor V Leiden,
270
Fallopian tube injury scale,
265t
Family history,
271
‘Fast track’ surgery,
44
,
53
metabolism,
310
Feeding lines,
317
,
317b
Femoral hernias,
71–72
aetiology,
71
anatomy,
64f
,
71
management,
71–72
operative details,
71–72
high approach (McEvedy),
72
laparoscopic approach,
72
low approach (Lockwood),
71–72
transinguinal approach (Lothiessen),
72
Fennerty algorithm, modified,
279–280
Fentanyl,
48
Finney pyloroplasty,
104
A First class service
(DOH),
2
Fistulas
enterocutaneous,
322
fistula-in-ano,
207–208
gastro-gastric,
355
intestinal,
339–341
,
340b
malignant,
208
Fixed-effect model (meta-analysis),
9
Fluid resuscitation,
301–302
,
302f
children,
226
Fondaparinux,
274
,
279
Foreign bodies, anorectal,
211–212
Fresh frozen plasma (FFP),
119
Functional assessment,
287

G

Gallbladder stones,
134–135
,
134f
,
135f
,
136f
Gallbladder torsion,
139
Gallstone disease, acute,
150–151
,
356
pregnancy,
139
Gallstone ileus,
164
Gastric band,
346
,
346f
complications,
350–353
,
351t
erosion,
352
,
352f
patients,
345
slippage,
351–352
,
352f
Gastric bypass, Roux-en-Y,
346
,
346f
complications,
351t
,
354–355
Gastric ‘pacemakers’,
345
,
349–350
,
351t
Gastric plication,
349
complications,
351t
,
356
Gastric ulcers, perforation,
105
Gastritis,
121
Gastro-gastric fistula,
355
Gastrointestinal (GI) tract
enteral nutrition,
317b
haemorrhage,
167
,
168f
Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs),
121
Gastrostomy tubes,
315–316
abdominal sepsis,
336
,
336f
General anaesthesia,
49–50
General Medical Council (GMC), patient information,
294
Generalised peritonitis,
196
Geneva scoring system,
276
Ghrelin (hunger hormone),
345
Giant duodenal ulcers,
104
,
104f
GIFTASUP (British Consensus Guidelines on Intravenous Fluid Therapy for Adult Surgical Patients),
301–302
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS),
234
Glasgow scoring system, acute pancreatitis,
145
Glucagon,
309b
Glucose,
318
disturbances,
319b
Glutamine supplementation,
322
L
-glutamine,
318
,
322
Glycerine trinitrate (GTN),
209–210
Glycopyrrolate,
187
Goal-directed therapy (GDT),
302
,
302b
,
330b
Google Scholar,
4
Graduated elastic compression stockings (GECSs),
273
,
273b
Grey Turner’s sign,
143
,
143f
GriPP (Getting Research into Practice and Purchasing),
17
Growth hormone,
309b
Guidelines for day case surgery
(Royal College of Surgeons of England),
42

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