Conquer Back and Neck Pain - Walk It Off! (32 page)

rotator cuff:
Major muscle attachment for the muscles in the shoulder that commonly tears and causes pain

sacral spine:
That part of the spine that attaches the spinal column to the pelvis

schwanomma:
Benign, slow-growing tumors of the nerves; can cause back pain with sleep disturbance

sciatic nerve:
The major nerve extending from the low back down the back of the leg and transmitting motor impulse to the muscles of the leg and sensation from the leg and foot to the brain

scoliosis:
Abnormal curvature of the spine when viewed directly from the front or back, which is to be distinguished from the normal curves of the spine as seen from the side

sequestered discs:
A disc herniation that has squirted completely into the spinal canal from the disc space

shingles (herpes zoster):
Painful infection of a spinal nerve that is associated with a rash; the pain and rash run along the course of the nerve(s) involved and are the result of the chicken pox virus

shoulder-hand syndrome:
Pain in the upper extremity that can be caused by several conditions, such as a disc herniation in the neck, shoulder arthritis, and/or carpal tunnel syndrome in the wrist

spinal discs:
Cushions between the vertebrae of the spine that are composed of a gelatinous center (nucleus pulposus) and a fibrous rim (annulus fibrosus)

spinal fluid:
Clear fluid that bathes the brain, spinal cord, and origin of the spinal nerves; it is contained by the dura

spinal headache:
Headache that results from a spinal fluid leak; becomes intense when standing and is relieved by lying down; can be experienced after an epidural injection or spine surgery

spinal stenosis:
Constriction of the spinal canal or foramen (passages for the spinal nerves)

spine fusion:
Surgical union of spine segments; performed with or without metal screws and rods, and with bone graft from the pelvis or tissue bank

spondylolisthesis:
Literally means slippage of the spine; one vertebra slips forward on the vertebra below; there are two types: 1) associated with an inherited defect in the bones behind the vertebrae (isthmic spondylolisthesis), and 2) associated with disc degeneration (degenerative spondylolisthesis)

straight-leg-raising test:
A diagnostic physical exam maneuver in which the patient is lying face up on a flat surface and the leg is elevated by the examiner until pain is experienced; the degree of elevation of the leg is noted as well the extent of the pain from the back and down the leg; most commonly seen with herniated discs in the low back

stress X-rays:
Bending X-rays of the spine which include a side-view while standing straight, while bent forward (flexion), and then while bending backward (extension) to detect abnormal motion (laxity or stiffness) of the spine

TENS:
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation: a treatment that uses specific electrical impulses applied to the skin to relieve pain

thoracic spine:
That part of the spine with the ribs attached that comprises the chest

U.S. FDA:
United States Food and Drug Administration: regulatory agency of the U.S. government that assures safety of drugs and devices

vascular claudication:
Burning and/or cramping sensation in the legs or arms that is aggravated by activity and relieved by rest; it is caused by poor blood supply to the extremity

vertebra:
The bone blocks that, along with the discs, make up the spinal column

vertebral fracture:
A crack or break in a spinal bone block (vertebra)

whiplash injury:
Refers to an injury to the neck that typically results from being a passenger in a vehicle that is hit from behind; the neck is suddenly whipped backward and forward

achondroplasia and spinal stenosis 79

acupuncture 130

adjustments 115

aerobic exercise 120-124

allograft bone 95

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 41

aneurysm 33

ankylosing spondylitis 101

annulus fibrosus 16

anterior interbody spinal fusion 96

anti-coagulants 66

aortic aneurysm 33

arthroscopic disc surgery 63

artificial disc 149-153

aseptic necrosis of the hip 59

aspirin 109-110

autograft bone 95

auto manipulation 117

back specific exercise 124

Band-aid surgery 63

banked bone 95

blood patch 60

BMD bone mineral density 142

BMP bone morphogenic protein 96

bone morphogenic protein 96

bone scan 100

bone spurs 19

botox and back pain 128

brace 129-130,142

bulging disc 43

carpal tunnel syndrome 82

CAT scan 52

cauda equina 30

cauda equina syndrome 30,45

central cord syndrome 145

central pain 25,103-105

cervical spine 18

chiropractic/chiropractor 41,114-117

chronic back pain 99-106

chymopapain 108-109

claudication 73,75

claustrophobia and MRI 55

comprehensive pain rehabilitation 126

congenital spinal stenosis 77

corset 129-130,142

cosquillitas 130

COX-2 inhibitors 110

degenerative spondylolisthesis 88

depression and pain 103-104

disc degeneration 16-19

disc excision 61-62

discogenic pain 18,23

discography/discogram 17,146

dura 60

electromyogram 82

EMG/NCV 82

endorphins 104-105,112,123,130

epidural hematoma 66

epidural steroid injection 58-59,129

evidence-based medicine 108

exercise and back pain 120-126

extruded discs 43

facet joint cyst 78

facet joints 72

facet rhizotomy 128

failed back syndrome 131-136

family medicine specialist 36

femoral-stretch-test 51

fitness and back pain 125-126

flat back 93

fluoroscopy 59,129

foot drop 40,49

foramenotomy 83

gene therapy 155

hamstring muscles 122

herniated disc (HNP) 21,43-70

hip arthritis 79

IDET 128

idiopathic low back pain 29-30

iliac crest bone graft 95

isthmic spondylolisthesis 87

kyphoplasty 38

kyphosis 19,93

L5-S1 disc 44,50

laminectomy 61-62

lateral recess stenosis 77

levels of evidence 108-109

lordosis 93

Lou Gherig’s disease 41

lumbago 30

lumbar spine 18

maintenance treatment 117

manipulation 117

Marfan’s Syndrome 33

McKenzie exercises 121-122

meta-analysis 108

micro discectomy 62-63

micro-surgery 63

minimally invasive spine surgery 63

MRI 17,52-56,100

multiple myeloma 100

muscle relaxants 113

myelogram 52

myelopathy 12,81

narcotic pain medication 110-113

neurofibroma 78

neurogenic claudication 73,75

neurogenic pain 18

neurologist 40,82

neuropathy 82

neurosurgeon 39,68

nucleus pulposus 15

orthopedic surgeon 39,68

osteoid osteoma 92

osteopathic physician 36

osteophytes 19,118

osteoporosis/osteopenia 32,92,141-143

pain drawing 49,50,74,80

pain management specialist 41,127

Paget’s disease 78

Parkinson’s disease/syndrome 40

pars interarticularis 87,100

pediatric orthopaedist 39,91

pediatrician 3791

pedicle 71

pedicle screws 86,94-95

peripheral neuropathy 40,82,113

physiatrist 38

physical therapist 41,125

Pilates 121-122

placebo 108-109

posterior interbody spinal fusion 96

posterior lateral spinal fusion 96

pregnancy and herniated disc 47

primary care physician 36-37

prolapsed discs 43

retrograde ejaculation 151

rheumatoid arthritis 40

rheumatologist 40

rhizotomy 128

risks of spine surgery 65-69

Rolfing 130

rotator cuff 82

sacral spine 93

schwanomma 78

sciatic nerve 18,44

sciatica 18,44

scoliosis 18,89-92

sequestered discs 44

sex and back pain 146-148

shared decision making 97

Shingles (herpes zoster) 32

shoulder-hand syndrome 82

smoking and pain 66, 139-141

spinal discs 71

spinal fluid 60,67

spinal headache 60,67

spinal stenosis 18,27,71-97

spine fusion 83-84,86,88,93-96

spine surgeon 38

spondylolisthesis 19,86-88

straight-leg-raising test 51

steroids and back pain 111

stress X-rays 89

synovial cyst 78

TENS 114,130

thoracic outlet syndrome 82

thoracic spine 18

touch therapy 130

traction 119-120

transplant disc 153-154

U.S. FDA 95,113,152

unstable spine 89

vascular claudication 75

vertebra 71

vertebral arteries 118

vertebral fracture 31-32

vertebroplasty 38

walk it off 57-58,120-124,139

whiplash injury 143-145

yoga 121-122

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