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Authors: Niall Ferguson

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Civilization: The West and the Rest

NIALL FERGUSON

Civilization

The West and the Rest

 

ALLEN LANE

an imprint of

PENGUIN BOOKS

ALLEN LANE

 

Published by the Penguin Group

Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London
WC2R 0RL
, England

Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, USA

Penguin Group (Canada), 90 Eglinton Avenue East, Suite 700, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
M4P 2Y3
(a division of Pearson Penguin Canada Inc.)

Penguin Ireland, 25 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland (a division of Penguin Books Ltd)

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Penguin Books India Pvt Ltd, 11 Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi – 110 017, India

Penguin Group (NZ), 67 Apollo Drive, Rosedale, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
(a division of Pearson New Zealand Ltd)

Penguin Books (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd, 24 Sturdee Avenue, Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa

Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London
WC2R 0RL
, England

www.penguin.com

First published 2011

Copyright © Niall Ferguson, 2011

The moral right of the author has been asserted

All rights reserved

Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the above publisher of this book

ISBN: 978-1-84-614282-6

For Ayaan

Contents
 

List of Illustrations

List of Maps

List of Figures

Preface to the UK Edition

Introduction: Rasselas’s Question

1 Competition

Two Rivers

The Eunuch and the Unicorn

The Spice Race

The Mediocre Kingdom

2 Science

The Siege

Micrographia

Osman and Fritz

Tanzimat Tours

From Istanbul to Jerusalem

3 Property

New Worlds

Land of the Free

American Revolutions

The Fate of the Gullahs

4 Medicine

Burke’s Prophecy

The Juggernaut of War

Médecins Sans Frontières

The Skulls of Shark Island

Black Shame

5 Consumption

The Birth of the Consumer Society

Turning Western

Ragtime to Riches

The Jeans Genie

Pyjamas and Scarves

6 Work

Work Ethic and Word Ethic

Get your Kicks

The Chinese Jerusalem

Lands of Unbelief

The End of Days?

Illustrations

Conclusion: The Rivals

Notes

Bibliography

Index

List of Illustrations
 

  
1.
Scene from the Hundred Years’ War (
Corbis
)

  
2.
The Four Conditions of Society: Poverty
, Jean Bourdichon,
c.
1500 (
Bridgeman
)

  
3.
The Triumph of Death
, Peter Bruegel the Elder,
c.
1562 (
Getty
)

  
4.
The Yongle Emperor (
National Palace Museum, Taiwan
)

  
5.
Su Song’s water clock (
Adrian Pennink
)

  
6.
A game of Chinese golf (
Palace Museum, Forbidden City
)

  
7.
The
qilin
(
Jinghai Temple
)

  
8.
The Chinese civil service examination, from a 17th-century history of Chinese emperors (
Bridgeman
)

  
9.
Vasco da Gama’s tomb, monastery of St Jerome, Lisbon (
Dewald Aukema
)

10.
Earl Macartney’s embassy to the Xianlong Emperor, cartoon by James Gillray (
Getty
)

11.
Jan Sobieski’s men raise the siege of Vienna (
Vienna Museum
)

12.
Sultan Osman III (
Bridgeman
)

13.
Ahmed Resmî Effendi’s arrival in Berlin, 1763 (
Dewald Aukema
)

14.
Frederick the Great’s
Anti-Machiavel
, with annotations by Voltaire (
Dewald Aukema
)

15.
Pages from the German edition of Benjamin Robin’s
New Principles of Gunnery
(
Dewald Aukema
)

16.
Machu Picchu, Peru (
Dewald Aukema
)

17.
Boneyard Beach, South Carolina (
Dewald Aukema
)

18.
Millicent How’s indenture document (
National Archives at Kew
)

19.
Abraham Smith’s land grant (
National Archives at Kew
)

20.
Map of Charleston (
The South Carolina Historical Society
)

21.
Jerónimo de Aliaga (
Dewald Aukema
)

22.
Simón Bolívar mural in present-day Caracas (
Dewald Aukema
)

23.
Scarred slave (
National Portrait Gallery, Washington, DC; copyright © Photo SCALA, Florence
)

24.
Saint-Louis, Senegal (
Dewald Aukema
)

25.
Blaise Diagne (
Getty
)

26.
Louis Faidherbe (
Corbis
)

27.
Senegalese tirailleurs (
Institut Pasteur
)

28.
French doctors in the tropics (
Institut Pasteur
)

29.
Three photographs of ‘Bastard’ women (
Adrian Pennink
)

30.
A Senegalese tirailleur on the Western Front (
French MoD; copyright © ECPAD
)

31.
Lüderitz, Namibia (
Magic Touch Films; © Manfred Anderson
)

32.
Young woman on horseback, Urga [Ulan Bator], Mongolia, 1913 (
Musée Kahn
)

33.
Hirohito and Edward (
Getty
)

34.
Observance of His Imperial Majesty of the Military Manoeuvres of Combined Army and Navy Forces
, Yōshū Chikanobu, 1890 (
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
)

35.
Ladies Sewing
, Adachi Ginkō, 1887 (
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
)

36.
Poster for
Giant
(
Alamy
)

37.
Levi’s
®
London flagship store, 174–176 Regent Street (
Levi Strauss & Co
)

38.
Egon Bondy’s Happy Hearts Club Banned
, The Plastic People of the Universe (
Jaroslav Riedel
)

39.
Headscarves on dummies in Istanbul (
Dewald Aukema
)

40.
Max Weber in America (
Getty
)

41.
The St Louis World’s Fair, 1904 (
Missouri History Museum, St Louis
)

42.
China Inland Mission Students,
c.
1900 (
Special Collections, Yale Divinity School Library
)

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