Bosworth: The Birth of the Tudors (66 page)

The papal dispensation for Henry’s marriage is printed in
Materials
, vol. I, pp. 392–8. For the battle of Stoke, see M. Bennett,
The Battle of Stoke
(1987) while the fate of Francis, Viscount Lovell is investigated in D. Baldwin, ‘What happened to Lord Lovell?’,
The Ricardian
VII, no. 89 (1985), pp. 56–65. For Northumberland’s death,
Paston Letters
, vol. VI, pp. 127–8,
Materials
, vol. II, p. 447,
Great Chronicle
, p. 242, and comment by John Skelton,
The Complete English Poems
, pp.31–2. For tavern gossip at York, York House Books VII fo. 39r. For Sir Marmaduke Constable’s final years, see Dockray, ‘Sir Marmaduke Constable’, pp. 221–2. The importance of St Armel has been highlighted by M. Jones in
Bosworth: Psychology of a Battle
(2004) and by J.D. Austin in
Merevale Church and Abbey: The Stained Glass, Monuments and History of the Church of Our Lady and Merevale Abbey
(1998) and
Merevale and Atherstone: 1485: Recent Bosworth Discoveries
(2004). The Dadlington warrant is from TNA C82/367/15 with the letter of confraternity also printed in O.D. Harris, ‘The Bosworth commemoration at Dadlington’,
The Ricardian
VII (1985), pp. 115–31. Henry VII’s will is printed in
The Will of Henry VII
, ed. T. Astle (London, 1775). Commynes’ comment is from
Memoirs
, p. 397.

Chapter 14: Bosworth Rediscovered

The fierce debate over the location of the battle site was first stoked by C. Richmond, ‘The Battle of Bosworth’,
History Today
XXXV, no. 8 (August 1985), only to be challenged by D. Williams in
The Ricardian
VII, no. 90 (September 1985). There have been a legion of articles on the subject of the exact location of the battle; however, Peter Foss’s work remains the most important and detailed reassessment of the battle site, proved mostly correct by the new archaeological discoveries, which are described in G. Foard, ‘Discovering Bosworth’,
British Archaeology
(May–June 2010) and G. Foard, ‘Have we discovered where Richard died?’,
BBC History Magazine
, vol. 11, no. 3 (March 2010). On landmarks such as the windmill, see Westminster Abbey Muniments 14463 and TNA Chancery Proceedings Series II Bundle 56/101. The Dadlington Court Records are in Leicestershire Record Office, 2D71. On the name of ‘Sandeford’ see T. Thornton, ‘The Battle of Sandeford: Henry Tudor’s understanding of the meaning of Bosworth Field’,
Historical Research
78 (2005), pp. 436–42.

By Chris Skidmore

Edward VI
Death and the Virgin
Bosworth

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This book would not have been possible without the generous and kind assistance of many people, to whom I am extremely grateful. At Weidenfeld & Nicolson, Alan Samson commissioned the book, and Bea Hemming has seen the work through all stages of the editing process. For all their help, both by way of encouragement and in providing assistance in the research and writing of the book, I am also indebted to Jonathan Pegg, Peter Foss, Sean Cunningham, James Ross, Hannes Kleineke, Jessica Lutkin, Tracey Sowerby, Paul Cavill, Louis Daillencourt, Richard Knox, Peter Hammond, Steve Gunn, Carolyn Hammond, Geoffrey Wheeler, Wendy Moorhen, David Baldwin, Lara Eakins, Livia Visser Fuchs, Rosemary Horrox, Michael Jones, Cliff Davies, Erkin Gozutok and Robert Woosnam and the Royal Armouries for sharing their expertise on Richard’s wounds. Lydia Wilson has also provided constant support, ever since giving me my first tour of the battlefield sites. I apologise if I have omitted anyone who deserves mention in my thanks, and naturally all errors and mistakes are my own.

In writing
Bosworth
I have been struck by how many people felt able to share with me their expertise and dedication. In particular, Lesley Boatwright devoted hours to transcribing and translating the Latin manuscript of Polydore Vergil’s
Anglia Historia
, which I have made use of in my descriptions of Henry Tudor’s march through Wales and the battle itself. An excellent scholar of the battle, sadly Lesley died suddenly in late 2012. Though she never had the chance to read this book, it is to her memory that I have chosen to dedicate this work.

INDEX

Aberystwyth Castle,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3

Acton, Roger,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3

Agincourt, battle of,
ref1

Albany, Duke of,
ref1

Alcock, John, bishop of Ely,
ref1

Alençon,
ref1

All Hallows, Barking,
ref1

All Souls College, Oxford,
ref1

Allington, William
ref1

Alnwick Castle,
ref1

Altoftes, William,
ref1

Ambion Hill,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4
,
ref5

and location of battle,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3

Amboise,
ref1

Amiens,
ref1

André, Bernard,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4
,
ref5
,
ref6
,
ref7
,
ref8
,
ref9

Angers,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3

Angle,
ref1
,
ref2

Anjou,
ref1
,
ref2

Anne Neville, Queen,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4
,
ref5
,
ref6

Anne, Duchess of Brittany,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3

Anne of Beaujeau,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4
,
ref5
,
ref6
,
ref7
,
ref8

Anne of York,
ref1
,
ref2

Appleby, Jo,
ref1

Aquitaine,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3

archers, promised to Brittany,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4
,
ref5
,
ref6

archery,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3

Argentine, John,
ref1

armour,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4

Arras,
ref1

arrows, broad head,
ref1

Arthur, Prince,
ref1

artillery,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4

Artois,
ref1

Arundel, William, Earl of,
ref1
,
ref2

Arundell, Katherine,
ref1

Arundell, Sir Thomas,
ref1
,
ref2

Ashby St Leger,
ref1

Ashby-de-la-Zouche,
ref1

Ashton, Sir Ralph,
ref1

Ashwellthorpe,
ref1
,
ref2

Atherstone,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4
,
ref5

Atterton,
ref1
,
ref2

Audley, James, Lord,
ref1

Audley, John, Lord,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3

Auray,
ref1

Avon, river,
ref1
,
ref2

Aykerig, William,
ref1

Ayscough, William, bishop of Salisbury,
ref1
,
ref2

Babington, John,
ref1
,
ref2

Bagger, Robert,
ref1

bail, right to,
ref1

‘Ballad of Bosworth Field, The’,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4
,
ref5
,
ref6
,
ref7
,
ref8
,
ref9
,
ref10

‘Ballad of Lady Bessie, The’,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4
,
ref5
,
ref6
,
ref7
,
ref8
,
ref9
,
ref10

Bamburgh Castle,
ref1
,
ref2

Bannister, Humphrey,
ref1

Barking Abbey,
ref1

Barnet, battle of,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4
,
ref5
,
ref6
,
ref7
,
ref8
,
ref9
,
ref10

and Bosworth,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3

mortuary chapel,
ref1

and Richard III’s military reputation,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3

Barowe, Thomas,
ref1

Bartley, Lord,
ref1

Basin (French chronicler),
ref1

Bastille Saint-Antoine,
ref1

Battle Abbey,
ref1

battlefield chapels,
ref1

Bauge, battle of,
ref1

Bayan, Thomas,
ref1

Baynard’s Castle,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4

beacons,
ref1
,
ref2

Beatrice de Portugal,
ref1

Beauchamp, Anne,
ref1

Beaufort, Edmund,
see

Somerset, Edmund Beaufort, 1st Duke of

Somerset, Edmund Beaufort, 3rd Duke of

Beaufort, Henry,
see

Somerset, Henry Beaufort, 2nd Duke of

Beaufort, Henry, bishop of Winchester,
ref1

Beaufort, Humphrey,
ref1

Beaufort, John,
see

Somerset, John Beaufort, Duke of

Somerset, John Beaufort, Earl of

Beaufort, John,
ref1

Beaufort, Margaret,
ref1

her estates,
ref1
,
ref2

and Henry VII’s reign,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4

and Henry Tudor’s birth,
ref1

and Henry Tudor’s invasion,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3

and Henry Tudor’s marriage,
ref1
,
ref2

and Henry Tudor’s wardship,
ref1

marriages,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3

and opposition to Richard III,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4
,
ref5
,
ref6

return to court,
ref1

reunion with Henry Tudor,
ref1
,
ref2

and Richard III’s accession,
ref1
,
ref2

and Warwick’s rebellion,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3

Beaumaris,
ref1
,
ref2

Beaumont, John,
ref1

Bedford, George Neville, Duke of,
ref1
,
ref2

Bedford, Jasper Tudor, Duke of,
see

Tudor, Jasper

Bedford, John of Lancaster, Duke of,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4
,
ref5

Bedingfield, Sir Edmund,
ref1

Begard Abbey,
ref1

Beja, Manuel, Duke of,
ref1

Bell Inn, Fleet Street,
ref1

benevolences,
ref1
,
ref2

Berkeley, Lord,
ref1

Berkeley, William,
see

Nottingham, William Berkeley, Earl of

Berkeley, William, Viscount,
ref1

Berkeley, Sir William, of Beverstone,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4
,
ref5
,
ref6
,
ref7

Berkeley, Sir William, of Uley,
ref1

Bermondsey Abbey,
ref1

Berthelot, Louis,
ref1

Berwick,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4

Bestwood Park,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3

Beton, Denis,
ref1

Bevercotes, Thomas,
ref1

Beverley,
ref1

Biconnell, John,
ref1

Bigod, Sir Ralph,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3

Blackheath,
ref1
,
ref2

Blacman, John,
ref1

Blanche of Lancaster,
ref1

Blore Heath,
ref1

Blount, Elizabeth,
ref1

Blount, Sir James,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4
,
ref5

Blount, John,
see

Mountjoy, John Blount, 3rd Baron

Blount, Sir Thomas,
ref1
,
ref2

Blount, Walter,
see

Mountjoy, Walter Blount, 1st Baron

Bodmin,
ref1
,
ref2

Bodrugan, Henry,
ref1

Bohun, Mary de,
ref1

Bolingbroke, Henry,
see

Henry IV, King

Bona of Savoy,
ref1

Borrow, Richard,
ref1

Bosworth, battle of

addresses to armies,
ref1

battlefield chapel,
ref1

casualties,
ref1
,
ref2

collapse of Richard’s army,
ref1

dead and wounded,
ref1

duration,
ref1

flight of Richard’s northern supporters,
ref1

Henry’s order of battle,
ref1

Henry’s role in battle,
ref1
,
ref2

location and naming,
ref1

mass burials,
ref1

Oxford’s tactics,
ref1

and position of sun,
ref1

preceding night,
ref1

prisoners,
ref1

Richard enters battle,
ref1

Richard urged to flee,
ref1