Bolivar: American Liberator (106 page)

Alexander VI, Pope,
471

Alvear, Carlos,
273
,
483

Alvear, María Joaquina de,
514

Amat y Juniet, Manuel, Viceroy of Peru,
526

Amazon River,
323

American Indians,
see
Indians

American Revolution (U.S.),
6
,
39

Amestoy, Félix,
177

Ancón, Peru,
304

Andes,
229
,
273

San Martín’s crossing of,
274
,
275

SB’s crossing of,
231
–32,
239
,
323
–24

Andes, Federation of the,
353
,
362
,
366

Andújar, Francisco de,
23
,
34
,
57

Angostura, Venezuela,
198
–99,
201
,
213
–16,
222
,
244
,
269
–70

commerce and trade in,
216

SB in,
213
–16,
222
–25,
245
–46

Antoñanzas, Eusebio,
135

Anzoátegui, José Antonio,
229
,
234
,
239

death of,
244

Apure plains,
193
,
247

Apure River,
209
,
219

Apurimac River,
332

Aragua, Battle of (1814),
161

Aranda, Count,
354

Arauca River,
230

Araure, Battle of (1813),
153

Arequipa, Peru,
342
–43

Argentina,
204
,
294
,
345
,
354

in border disputes with Brazil,
347
–48

civil war in,
276

liberation of,
273

Peruvian liberation abandoned by,
314

post-liberation discord in,
347

SB on,
176

Arismendi, Juan Bautista,
195
,
425

arrest of,
245

Bermúdez on,
192

as “butcher of La Guaira,”
157
,
171

as governor of Margarita,
190
,
196
,
211
,
246
,
247

on SB,
191
,
434

surrender of,
171

as vice president,
245
,
246

Army of the Andes,
273
–74

Army of the Apure,
225
–26,
262
–63

Aroa, Venezuela,
81
,
433

Asanza, Miguel, Viceroy of New Spain,
40

Audiencia de Caracas,
33
,
34

Aurora,
442
–43

Austria,
174

Aux Cayes, Haiti,
178

Avila, Pedro de,
471

Ayacucho, Battle of (1824),
333
–36,
338
,
356
,
357
,
503

Ayacucho, Peru,
323

Aymara Indians,
346

Aymerich, Ramón,
114
,
281
,
287

Azuero, Vicente,
389
,
392
,
393
,
397
,
444
,
445

Banda Oriental, Uruguay,
347

Baralt, Luis Andrés,
543

Barcelona Province, Venezuela,
136
,
150
,
159
,
161
,
192
,
200

Barinas, Venezuela,
140
,
144
,
149
,
153
,
263

Barranca, Colombia,
129
–30,
131

Barranquilla, Colombia,
448

Barreiro, José María,
233
–34,
237
,
240
–41

execution of,
241
–43

Barrero, Vicente,
378
,
543

Bayonne, France,
61

Beauharnais, Eugène de, Prince,
54
,
62
–63,
67
,
478

Beethoven, Ludwig van,
59

Bello, Andrés,
34
,
35
–36,
77
,
79
,
87
–89,
91
,
93
,
95
,
102
,
131
,
273

Beluche, Renato,
185
,
499
–500

Beresford, William,
272

Bermúdez, Bernardo,
136
,
502

Bermúdez, José Francisco,
136

on Arismendi,
192

Boves and,
164

Caracas captured by,
262
–63

Castillo and,
173

in escape from Cartagena,
173

Mariño and,
161
,
162
,
213
,
229
–30,
244
–45

on SB,
434

SB and,
161
,
187
,
188
,
197
–98,
203
,
262
–63,
266
,
425
,
434

victories of,
191
,
230
,
262
–63,
425

Bilbao, Spain,
47

blacks,
83
,
102

Caracas junta mistrusted by,
95

in patriot army,
186

in post-liberation South America,
409
–10

recruitment of,
166

revolutionaries feared by,
151

in San Martín’s army,
274
,
277

in SB’s army,
183
,
185

as slaves,
11
,
12
,
27
,
28
,
30

see also
Legions of Hell; pardos

Blanco Herrera, Francisca,
18

Bogotá, Colombia,
86
,
128
,
129
,
134
,
136
,
138
,
233
,
249
–50,
278
,
299
,
306
,
314
,
347
,
427

1827 earthquake in,
381
–82

SB’s 1826 return to,
365
–66

SB’s 1827 March on,
374
–75,
376

SB’s capture of (1819),
2
–3,
6
,
168
,
235
,
236
–37

victory celebration in,
238
–39

Bolívar, Fernando,
369
,
399
,
450

Bolívar, Juana,
7
,
18
,
24
,
126
,
160
,
251
,
369
,
539

Bolívar, Juan de (SB’s grandfather),
13
,
37

Bolívar, Juan Vicente (SB’s brother),
7
,
18
,
24
,
36
,
37
,
43
,
50
,
71
,
81
,
83
,
87

death of,
101
–2,
519

Juan Félix Palacios as guardian of,
25

Bolívar, María Antonia,
7
,
18
,
24
,
32
–34,
71
,
160
,
250
–51,
349
,
369
,
433
–34

Bolívar, Simón,
18
,
81

aborted 1816 invasion by,
179
,
183
–88

Admirable Campaign of (1813),
139
–47,
165
,
421

alliance building by,
192

Andes crossing of,
231
–32,
239
,
323
–24

in Angostura,
213
–16,
222
–25,
245
–46

animosity between San Martín and,
303

anthrax contracted by,
212
–13,
219

appearance of,
3
,
227
,
525

in Arequipa,
342
–43

Argentine campaign contemplated by,
347
–48

and armistice with Spain,
254
–55,
277

arms purchases by,
216

Aroa copper mines of,
81
,
433

assassination attempts against,
396
–405,
407
–8

in Barranca,
131
–32

in Barranquilla,
448

in Battle of Junín,
326

Bermúdez and,
162
,
179
,
187
,
188
–89,
192

birth of,
7
–8,
13

in Bogotá,
235
,
236
–41,
249
–50

Bolivian constitution written by,
350
–52

British mercenaries recruited by,
217
–20,
221
,
258

British system of government favored by,
386
–87

in Bucaramanga,
390
–92

in building of Peruvian army,
319
–20

in call for plebiscite on future of Colombia,
420
,
425
–26

capture of Bogotá by (1819),
2
–3

in capture of Valencia,
104
–5

and Caracas earthquake,
108
–9

Caracas evacuated by,
159
–61

Caracas reinterment of,
460

Carlos Palacios as guardian of,
25
,
32
,
37

in Cartagena,
128
–29,
167
–68,
439
,
441
,
445
–48

Cartagena Manifesto of,
130
–31,
133
,
489

Castillo vs.,
136
,
138
–39,
169
–70

character of,
4
,
459

childhood of,
22
–23,
24
–25,
31
,
32
–37

civic projects of,
9

Clay’s criticism of,
383
–85

Colombian constitutional convention called by,
378

Colombian criticisms of,
364
,
389

Colombian presidency resigned by,
338
,
430
–33,
435

colored classes recruited by,
179
,
186

compromises of,
458

Congress of Panama and,
346
,
353
–55,
356

Costas, José Antonio, and,
361

courtship and marriage of María Teresa Rodríguez del Toro and,
46
–49

in Cúcuta,
250
,
252
–53

in Curaçao,
127
–28

in Cuzco,
343
–44,
360

dancing as passion of,
243
–44

death of,
6
,
454

and death of María Teresa Rodríguez del Toro,
50
,
56

as deeply opposed to monarchical systems,
416

in departure from Bogotá,
436
–37

in departure from Peru,
357
–59,
362

as dictator,
149
–50,
154
,
366
,
374
,
458

disillusionment and pessimism of,
5
,
409
–10,
418
,
419
,
423
,
430
,
446
–47,
449
–50,
458
,
463

division of Greater Colombia recommended by,
427

educational reform by,
343

educational system as priority of,
224

education of,
34
–35,
44
–45

effect of Santanderist assassination plot on,
403
,
405

egalitarianism of,
463

1814 exile of,
166
–67

in 1816 (December) return to Venezuela,
191
–92

in 1826 return to Bogotá,
365

in 1826 return to Colombia,
362
–63

in 1827 march on Bogotá,
374
–75,
376

in 1827 return to Caracas,
369

elected president of Bolivia,
346

elected president of Greater Colombia,
247
,
271

elected president of Venezuela,
225

elections seen as problematic by,
351

final words of,
453
–54

in first address to Venezuelan congress,
222
–25

in first trip to Spain,
38
–41

in flight from Venezuela,
124
–28

fortitude of,
3
,
210

funeral of,
456

in Guayaquil,
295
–96,
520
–21

in Guayaquil dispute with San Martín,
286
,
298

in Haiti,
178
–80,
190
–91

Haitian soldiers of,
183
,
185

Harrison’s criticisms of,
385
–86,
387

hatred toward Spain by,
65
–66,
80
,
176

as head of Caracas Junta’s London delegation,
87
–95

Humboldt and,
57
–58

illnesses of,
284
,
315
,
391
,
399
,
406
,
417
,
418
,
438
,
448

Indians recruited by,
192

interior campaign of in Guayana,
193
–95,
200
,
201
–2

international reputation of,
4
,
385
–86,
447