Authors: Hitha Prabhakar
30.
Financial Crimes Enforcement Network advisory from the U.S. Department of the Treasury, June 1999.
31.
“A Line in the Sand: Confronting the Threat at the Southwest Border,” Prepared by the Majority Staff of the House Committee on Investigations, Michael T. McCaul, Chairman, 2006.
32.
New Mexico Auto Theft Statistics, Rocky Mountain Insurance Information Association.
33.
McAllen (TX) Monitor
, “Police bust auto theft ring with ties to Zetas,” Ryan Holeywell, August 2, 2007.
34.
“A Line in the Sand: Confronting the Threat at the Southwest Border,” Prepared by the Majority Staff of the House Committee on Investigations, Michael T. McCaul, Chairman, 2006.
35.
“Colombia Rebels, al Qaeda in ‘Unholy’ Drug Alliance,” Hugh Bronstein, January 4, 2010.
36.
U.S. Department of the Treasury Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) Advisory, Columbian Black Market Peso Exchange.
37.
Maghreb Politics Review
, “U.S. Arrests Malians in Terror Drugs ‘Link,’” Tommy Miles.
Chapter 8
1.
Author interviews with Samuel Logan, MS-13 and narcoterrorism expert and author of
This Is for the Mara Salvatrucha
, October 7, 2009; Thomas Ruskin, owner of the CMP group, November 15, 2009; Larry C. Johnson, January 7, 2010.
2.
www.islamicawakening.com
.
3.
Speech given prior to 9/11 titled “Jihad: Aims and Objectives,” audio excerpt from Flashpoint Global Partners,
www.globalterroralert.com
.
4.
NPR, “‘Revolution Muslim’ A Gateway For Would-Be Jihadis” Dina, Temple-Raston, October 13, 2010.
5.
Ibid.,
6.
Interview with Aaron Klein, WABC Radio, May 4, 2010.
7.
New York Daily News
, “Brooklyn Men Busted in Dubai May Be New Faces of Terror: Experts,” Alison Gendar and Samuel Goldsmith, May 2, 2010.
8.
U.S. Attorney Southern District of New York, “Manhattan U.S. Attorney Charges Faisal Shahzad with Attempted Car Bombing in Times Square.”
9.
Wall Street Journal
.
10.
Interview with the author outside of the Newark Federal Courthouse, June 10, 2010.
11.
Author interview with Kris Buckner, August 6, 2010.
12.
New York Times
, “Brooklyn Mosque Becomes Terror Icon, But Case Is Unclear,” Andy Newman with Daryl Khan, March 9, 2003.
13.
Interview with NYPD commissioner Raymond W. Kelly at the WWD CEO Summit, November 1, 2010.
14.
The Military Observer
, “Funding Pakistan’s Jihad Against the West,” Ali K. Chishti, October 27, 2010.
15.
Ibid.
16.
Typologies and Open Source Reporting on Terrorist Abuse of Charitable Operations in Post-Earthquake Pakistan and India.
17.
Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering,
Combating the Abuse of Non-Profit Organizations: International Best Practices,
7 (October 11, 2002).
18.
On April 26, 2006, the U.S. Treasury designated the Jamaat-ud-Dawa as a terrorist organization. In December of 2008, the UN Security Council added the Jamaat-ud-Dawa to the list of entities and organizations known to support al Qaeda and the Taliban and listed the group as an alias of the Lashkar-e-Taiba terror group.
19.
Spending figures published by the Punjab provincial government.
20.
BBC, “Pakistan ‘Gave Funds’ to Group on UN Terror Blacklist.” June 16, 2010.
21.
Al-Shorfa.com, “The Taliban’s Income All Termed Illegal,” Amjad Bashir Siddiqi, April 17, 2010.
22.
PBS News Hour
, “Militant Groups Aid Pakistan Flood Victims,” September 15, 2010.
23.
Al-Qaida’s Jihad in Europe: The Afghan-Bosnian Network
, Evan Kohlman, Berg 2004.
24.
The True Face of Jihadis
, Amir Mir (Mashal Books, Lahore, 2004).
25.
Wall Street Journal
, “Money Eludes Pakistan’s Crackdown on Accused Terror Group,” Mathew Rosenberg and Glenn R. Simpson, December 13, 2008.
26.
Ibid.
27.
Globalsecurity.org.
28.
United States District Court of Minnesota, United States of America v. Amina Farah Ali, a/k/a Amina Aden, a/k/a Amina Adan, a/k/a Amina Wadaado and Hawo Mohamed Hassan a/k/a Halima Hassan, a/k/a Halimo Hassan, September 14, 2009.
29.
Associated Press, “Two Minnesota Women Among 14 Charged in Terror Probe,” August 7, 2010.
30.
IPT News, “Minneapolis Somalis Played Key Role in al Shabaab Investigation,” Investigative Project, August 6, 2010.
31.
Executive Order 13224.
32.
“Terrorist Abuse of Non-Profits and Charities: A Proactive Approach to Preventing Terrorist Financing,” Jennifer Lynn Bell.
33.
Ibid.
34.
Interview with Jerry Biggs, March, 2010.
35.
Interview with John Tobon, July 1, 2010.
36.
GAO report: “Terrorist Financing: U.S. Agencies Should Systematically Assess Terrorists’ Use of Alternative Financing Mechanisms,” November 2003.
37.
Interview with John Tobon, July 1, 2010.
38.
GAO report: “Terrorist Financing: U.S. Agencies Should Systematically Assess Terrorists’ Use of Alternative Financing Mechanisms,” November 2003.
39.
USAID letter to Mr. Shukri Baker, President of Holy Land Foundation of Relief.
40.
USAID Audit of the Adequacy of USAID’s Antiterrorism Vetting Procedures, Audit Report No. 9-000-08-001-P, November 6, 2007.
41.
Ibid.
42.
Ibid.
Chapter 9
1.
Seven Days Illustrated
magazine, 1969.
2.
RAND Note, “The Mitrone Kidnapping in Uruguay,” David Ronfeldt, August 1987, prepared for the U.S. Department of State Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.
3.
U.S. District Court Eastern District of New York, The European Community v. RJR Nabisco, Inc., R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, R.J. Reynolds Tobacco International, Inc., RJR Acquisition Corp., f/k/a Nabisco Group Holdings Corp., RJR Nabisco Holdings Corp., R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Holdings, Inc.
4.
At Home in the World
, Daniel Pearl (Wall Street Journal Books, 2002).
5.
Daily Times Pakistan
, “Smuggling Under Afghan Transit Trade Agreement: Pakistan Bearing Annual Revenue Loss of $2.3 Billion,” January 23, 2010.
6.
At Home in the World
, p. 75.
7.
At Home in the World
.
8.
Miami Herald
, “Miami-Dade Businessman to Plead Guilty to Terror-Related Smuggling,” Jay Weaver, October 1, 2010.
9.
Washington Post
, “Hezbollah Official Indicted on Weapons Charge,” Spencer S. Hsu, November 25, 2009.
10.
Indictment filed in U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania vs. Criminal No.: 09 United States of America v. Hassan Hodroj, Dib Handi Harb, Hasan Antar Karaki, Moussa Ali Hamdan, Hamze El-Najjar a/k/a “Hamze Al-Majjar,” Moustafa Habib Kassem, Latif Kamel Hazime, a/k/a “Andanan,” Alaa Allia Ahmed Mohamed a/k/a “Ataa Ahmed Mohamed Abouelnagaa,” Maodo Kane Michael Katz, November 4, 2009.
11.
Ibid.
12.
United States District Court Southern District of Florida, USA v., Samer Mehdi, Khaled T. Safadi, Cedar Distributors, Inc., Ulises Talavera, Transamerica Express of Miami, Emilio Jacinto Gonzalez-Neira and Jumbo Cargo, Inc., October 1st, 2009.
13.
“Tobacco and Terror: How Cigarette Smuggling Is Funding Our Enemies Abroad,” prepared by the Republican Staff of the U.S. House Committee on Homeland Security, U.S. Rep. Peter T. King (IR-NY), Ranking Member.
14.
Ibid.
15.
United States District Court Eastern District of New York, The European Community v. RJR Nabisco, Inc., R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, R.J. Reynolds Tobacco International, Inc., RJR Acquisition Corp., f/k/a Nabisco Group Holdings Corp., RJR Nabisco Holdings Corp., R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Holdings, Inc.
16.
Ibid.
17.
International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice
, “The Nexus of Organized Crime and Terrorism: Two Case Studies in Cigarette Smuggling,” Louise I. Shelley and Sharon A. Melzer, Spring 2008, Vol. 32 No. 1.
18.
United States District Court Eastern District of New York, The European Community v. RJR Nabisco, Inc., R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, R.J. Reynolds Tobacco International, Inc., RJR Acquisition Corp., f/k/a Nabisco Group Holdings Corp., RJR Nabisco Holdings Corp., R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Holdings, Inc.
19.
Ibid.
20.
Ibid.
21.
Ibid.
22.
The PKK was established in the 1970s as a Marxist-Leninist insurgent group composed of Turkish Kurds. On October 8, 1999, Secretary of State Madeleine Albright designated the PKK as a Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO). On May 10, 2001, Secretary of State Colin L. Powell reaffirmed the designation of the PKK as an FTO.
23.
United States District Court Eastern District of New York, The European Community v. RJR Nabisco, Inc., R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, R.J. Reynolds Tobacco International, Inc., RJR Acquisition Corp., f/k/a Nabisco Group Holdings Corp., RJR Nabisco Holdings Corp., R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Holdings, Inc.
24.
Economics of Tobacco Control, World Bank Group, Chapter 5, “Measures to Reduce the Supply of Tobacco.”
25.
South African Revenue Service media release, “Destruction of Illegal Cigarettes.”
26.
Wall Street Journal
, “States Go to War on Cigarette Smuggling,” Gary Fields, July 20, 2009.
27.
Economics of Tobacco Control, World Bank Group, Chapter 5, “Measures to Reduce the Supply of Tobacco.”
28.
World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control Intergovernmental Negotiating Body (Article 15 of the WHO FCTC).
29.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Newsletter on the fight against money laundering and terrorism financing in West Africa.
30.
“Terrorism and Tobacco: How Cigarette Smuggling Finances Jihad and Insurgency Worldwide,” Kate Wilson Center for Public Integrity, June 29, 2009.
31.
Ibid.
32.
Report of the Group of Experts to the UN Security Council, July 21, 2004.
33.
Ibid.
34.
“Prepared Testimony of Ralf Mutschke, Assistant Director, Criminal Intelligence Directorate, International Criminal Police Organization, Interpol, before the House Committee on the Judiciary Subcommittee on Crime, “The Threat Posed by the Convergence of Organized Crime, Drug Trafficking and Terrorism,” Federal News Service, Ralf Mutschke, December 13, 2000.
35.
Daily Mail
, “U.S. Businessman Funded Real IRA Soldier Killers by Smuggling Cigarettes into Ireland,” Paul Thomson, March 13, 2009.
36.
Irish Times
, “The High Cost of Cheap Fakes,” October 4, 2010.
37.
CBS News,
60 Minutes
, “The Price of Bananas” transcript, August 9, 2009.