Read Battle of Hastings, The Online

Authors: Harriet Harvey Harriet; Wood Harvey Wood

Battle of Hastings, The (31 page)

Eystein Orri
156

Fécamp, abbey of
146

feudalism, Norman
96–7
,
105–8
,
111–12

The Fight at Finnesburh
(heroic poem)
83

Fighting Man banner
4
,
70

Fisher, H. A. L.
133–4

Flanders, Count of
see
Baldwin V, Count of Flanders; Robert le Frison

Flateyjarbók
19

Florence of Worcester
129–30
,
143–4
,
164

and battle of Hastings
171–3
,
176

and coronation of Harold II
128
,
138

and death of Edward II
127

and Harald Hardrada
150

and Tostig’s rising
123

value as source
226

fortifications

of Alfred
98–9
,
162

Norman
98

responsibility for
62
,
65

Freeman, E. A.
182

Fuller, Major-Gen. J. F. C.
178
,
179–80
,
186

fyrd
65
,
147
,
151
,
196

general
100
,
101
,
143–4

select
100
,
102–3

Gaimar, Geffrei,
L’Estoire des Engleis
228

Gameson, Richard
234
n.
xvii

Gate Fulford, battle of
149–50
,
152
,
157
,
179

Genesis
(heroic poem)
85

Geoffrey Martel, count of Anjou
41–3
,
94
,
131–2
,
203

Giffard/Gilfard, knight
222

Gilbert, Archdeacon of Lisieux
133
,
138–9

Gillingham, John
170

Godgifu (sister of Edward the Confessor)
15
,
22
,
33

Godwin, earl of Wessex
16–17
,
71
,
73
,
204

and Edward II
19–27
,
36
,
39–40

Goebbels, Joseph,
53

gold, in Anglo-Saxon England
67–72

Golding, William
1

Gospatric
123

Grainge, Christine and Gerald
160

Gregory of Tours
76
,
191

Gregory VII, Pope (Cardinal Hildebrand)
133–4
,
135
,
139–40
,
142–3

Gruffydd ap Llewellyn
45
,
94
,
104
,
167

Gunnhild (daughter of Earl Godwin)
80

Gunnhild (sister of Sweyn Forkbeard)
8

Guy, Bishop of Amiens,
Carmen de Hastingæ Proelio
146
,
156–7
,
159
,
165
,
171
,
174–5
,
181–4
,
191–2
,
220–3

Guy, Count of Brionne
41

Guy, Count of Ponthieu
48
,
50
,
52
,
221

Gyrth Godwinson, Earl of East Anglia
3
,
28
,
168–9
,
186–7
,
227

Gytha (wife of Earl Godwin)
35

Hakon Sweynsson
40
,
48

Halley’s comet
130
,
223

handfast marriage
11
,
74
,
233
n.
iv

Harald Sigurdsson Hardrada, King of Norway
34–5
,
36
,
126

death
156
,
157
,
229

and Stamford Bridge
116
,
117
,
119
,
151–7
,
169
,
181

and Tostig
147–50

Harald Sweynson, king of Denmark
12

Hardrada
see
Harald Sigurdsson Hardrada, King of Norway

Harold Bluetooth, King of Denmark
8
,
14

Harold Godwinson, Earl of Wessex

and Alfred the Atheling
17

campaign in Wales
45
,
94
,
95
,
104

as claimant to English throne
44–8

and Edward II
23
,
24
,
25–9
,
45–54
,
126–7
,
129

handfast wife
74

as king
see
Harold II, King of England

and literacy
80

and navy
104–6
,
143

and Tostig
123–5

and
Vita Ædwardi Regis
224–5

and William of Normandy
47–54
,
123

campaign in Brittany
109
,
170
,
178
,
186

oath to
48
,
50–4
,
133
,
138
,
199
,
216
,
225

Harold I Harefoot, King of England
11
,
15–17

Harold II, King of England

coinage
130

Danish support for
133

death
180
,
192–6
,
199
,
214–6
,
221
,
222
,
230
,
231

defeat at Hastings
3–4
,
33
,
45–6
,
171

election and coronation
127–9
,
131
,
138–9
,
226

Fighting Man banner
4
,
70

laws
130

as military leader
94
,
104
,
116
,
164–70

military strategy
167–83
,
186

and papacy
167–8
,
175–6

and Stamford Bridge
116
,
151–2
,
156–7

succession to
199–200
,
210–11

and use of cavalry
109–10

and William of Normandy
131

see also
Harold Godwinson; Stamford Bridge, battle of

Harthacnut, King of England
11
,
15
,
16
,
17
,
20
,
34
,
36

Hastings

Norman bridgehead
3
,
161–2
,
166
,
180–1
,
199

ravaging by Normans
222–3

Hastings, battle of

casualties
171
,
184
,
191

death of Harold
180
,
192–6

desertions
172
,
175–7

documentation
3–4
,
96
,
143
,
162
,
170–8
,
181–96
,
217–32

English strategy
167–71

Norman preparations
131–3
,
140
,
143–6
,
159–60

Norman retreats
182
,
185–6
,
187–93
,
222

Norman strategy
170–1

reasons for English defeat
171–3

seen as holy war
52
,
135–6
,
140
,
168

significance
2–3

suitability of battleground
177–8

surprise attack
165
,
170

hauberk (coat of mail)
104
,
113
,
114
,
117
,
183

helmets
69
,
104
,
113
,
117
,
118

Henry the Fowler, King of Germany
235
n.
xxviii

Henry of Huntingdon,
Historia Anglorum
49
,
65–6
,
182
,
195
,
221
,
231–2

Henry I, King of England
110
,
211
,
236

Henry I, King of France
41–3
,
131–2
,
203

Henry II, King of England
60
,
79
,
212
,
214

Henry III, Emperor
28

Heptarchy, Anglo-Saxon
56
,
98

heregeld (army tax)
14
,
99–100

Hereward the Wake
205

heriot (tax)
103–4

heroic tradition
214–6

hides (land)
61–2
,
73
,
75

Hildebrand, Cardinal, see Pope Gregory VII

Hildebrand
(heroic poem)
81
,
83

history, written
88–90
,
213–14

hoar apple tree
3
,
173
,
177

Hollister, C. Warren
102–3

horses, and armour
120–1
,
154

housecarls

of Cnut
13–14
,
100

of Harold
119
,
120
,
151
,
164
,
173
,
178
,
183
,
185

Hugh, Duke of the Franks
63–4

Hugh Capet, King of the Franks
46

Hugh of Ponthieu
221
,
222

hundred system

origins of
59

courts
59–60

and hides
61

infantry

Italy, Normans in
113
,
134–5
,
141
,
209

Ketel (thegn)
103–4
,
108
,
113
,
119

kingship

and bastardy
45

elective
31–3
,
39
,
46
,
126–8
,
203

and law
59–60

and war
93
,
118
,
168–9

knights

Konrad the Peaceable, Duke of Burgundy
235
n.
xxviii

laity, and literacy
78–81

lances
118–19

land tenure
61

and military service
62
,
97
,
100–4
,
112

post-Conquest
205
,
208

Land Waster (standard of Harald Hardrada)
150
,
153
,
156

Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury
205–6
,
208
,
220

Latin, in Norman England
81
,
207

laws
11
,
16
,
80
,
124–5
,
209

and Æthelberht
59–60

and Athelstan
5

and Cnut
14
,
103
,
124–5
,
203

and Edward II
124–5
,
203

and Harold II
130

and Henry II
60

and women
74

Lawson, M. K.
182

Lemmon, Lieut. Col. C. H.
186–7
,
188–9
,
191

Leo IX, Pope
136

Leofric, Earl of Mercia
19–21
,
23
,
39
,
204

Leofwine Godwinson, Earl of Kent
3
,
24
,
25–6
,
186–7

Leonidas, King of Sparta
1

Lepanto, battle of
1

Lincoln, battle of
110

Lindisfarne, sack of (793)
66

Lindisfarne Gospels
70

literacy

Anglo-Saxon
78–80
,
88

Norman
80–1

literature

Anglo-Saxon
81–91

English
209
,
213

London

Norman conquest
200

rights and privileges
204

maces, Norman
120

Magna Carta
2

Magnus Olafson, King of Norway
34
,
35
,
36
,
148

Malcolm III, King of Scotland
131
,
148
,
201

Maldon, battle of
7–8
,
58
,
88
,
95
,
100
,
109
,
215

Malfosse, the
196

Malory, Sir Thomas
110

Morte d’Arthur
91

Marathon, battle of
1–2

Margaret, daughter of Edward the Atheling
29

Marianus Scotus, Chronicle of
226

Marie de France
214

marriage, handfast
11
,
74
,
233
n.
iv

Martel, Geoffrey, Count of Anjou
41–3
,
94
,
132
,
203

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