Bath Massacre: America's First School Bombing (41 page)

16
. Parker,
Mayday,
175.

17
. “James J. Couzens.”

18
.
Lansing State Journal,
May 20, 1927.

19
. Parker,
Mayday,
172.

20
.
Lansing State Journal,
May 21, 1927.

21
. Parker,
Mayday,
176.

22
.
Lansing State Journal,
May 19, 1927.

23
. Ibid.

24
.
Toledo Blade,
May 21, 1927.

25
.
Lansing State Journal,
May 19, 1927.

26
. Ellsworth,
The Bath School Disaster,
26.

27
.
Lansing State Journal,
May 20, 1927.

28
.
Ventura County Star,
January 16, 2000.

29
. “In the Matter of the Inquest,” 219–22.

30
.
Lansing State Journal,
May 23, 1927.

31
. Ibid.

32
.
Lansing State Journal,
May 20, 1927.

33
. Ibid.

34
.
Clinton County Republican-News,
May 26, 1927.

35
. Ibid.

1
. Patti Seehase interview.

2
. Ted Christie, “Begin Sift of Bath Disaster,”
Lansing State Journal,
May 19, 1927.

3
.
Toledo Blade,
May 21, 1927.

4
. “The Making of Modern Michigan,”
http://archive.lib.msu.edu/MMM/
JG/04/a/JG04a001.htm (accessed June 1, 2008).

5
.
Lansing State Journal,
May 20, 1927.

6
. Wilkins interview.

7
.
Lansing State Journal,
May 20, 1927.

8
. “Stricken Town Silent at Biers of 11 Blast Victims,”
Chicago Herald-Examiner,
May 21, 1927.

9
. Ibid.

10
. Ellsworth,
The Bath School Disaster,
104.

11
.
Lansing State Journal,
May 23, 1927.

12
.
Toledo Blade,
May 21, 1927.

13
. “The Making of Modern Michigan”
http://archive.lib.msu.edu/MMM/
JG/04/g/JG04g001.html (accessed June 1, 2008).

14
. David Seehase, interview with the author, May 17, 2008.

15
. Vail interview.

16
. Ibid.

17
. Ibid.

18
.
Lansing State Journal,
May 20, 1927.

19
. “Bath School Head Given Final Rites,”
Lansing State Journal,
May 23, 1927.

20
.
Clinton County Republican-News,
May 26, 1927.

21
.
Erie Daily Times,
May 21, 1927.

22
.
Lansing State Journal,
May 20, 1927.

23
. Parker,
Mayday,
152.

24
.
Lansing State Journal,
May 23, 1927.

25
. Ibid.

26
.
Clinton County Republican-News,
May 26, 1927.

27
.
Clinton County Republican-News,
May 26, 1927.

28
. Parker,
Mayday,
156.

29
. “Minutes of Bath School Board Meeting,” May 2, 1927.

30
. Parker,
Mayday,
156.

31
. “Minutes of Bath School Board Meeting,” May 20, 1927.

32
.
Lansing State Journal,
May 21, 1927.

33
. Ibid.

34
. Ibid.

35
. Ibid.

36
. “Minutes of Bath School Board Meeting,” May 20, 1927.

Superintendent Huyck’s first name is properly spelled “Emory” but was misspelled as “Emery” in the official inquest.

1
.
Lansing State Journal,
May 19, 1927.

2
. Ibid.

3
. Parker,
Mayday,
161.

4
. Ibid.

5
.
Lansing State Journal,
May 19, 1927.

6
.
Lansing State Journal,
May 20, 1927.

7
. “In the Matter of the Inquest,” 95.

8
. Ibid., 347.

9
. “Inquest to as Cause of Death, State of Michigan, County of Clinton, May 25, 1927,” 2.

10
. “In the Matter of the Inquest,” 202–3.

11
. Lisa W. Foderaro, “New York Has Long Been a Capital of Psychotherapy: How Have the Options Changed?”
New York Times,
September 10, 1995.

12
. “Closing Arguments of Clarence Darrow,” Leopold and
Loeb.com
,
http://www.leopoldandloeb.com/closingdefense.html
(accessed October 10, 2007).

13
.
Lansing State Journal,
May 23, 1927.

14
. David D. Hare,
Without Conscience: The Disturbing World of the Psychopaths among Us
(New York and London: Guilford Press, 1999), 5.

15
. “In the Matter of the Inquest,” 349.

1
. Loomis interview.

2
. “Bath Crime Suggests New Noun, New Verb,”
Lansing State Journal,
May 27, 1927.

3
.
Clinton County Republican-News,
May 26, 1927.

4
. “In the Matter of the Inquest,” 105.

5
. “Defends Kehoe before Crowd,”
Clinton County Republican-News,
June 23, 1927.

6
. Vail interview.

7
. Parker,
Mayday,
182.

8
. Vail interview.

9
. “Minutes of Bath School Board Meeting,” June 10, 1927.

10
. Curtis interview.

11
.
Clinton County Republican-News,
May 26, 1927.

12
. Ibid.

13
. Fredrick Lewis Allen,
Only Yesterday: An Informal History of the 1920s
(New York: Bantam, 1946), 84.

14
. “Hugo Black,” Wikipedia,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Black
(accessed October 5, 2007).

15
. Parker,
Mayday,
120.

16
. “Roman Catholic Dynamites Bath Public Schools,” undated broadsheet.

17
. Parker,
Mayday,
177.

18
. “Bath Accepts Couzens Offer,”
Lansing State Journal,
June 24, 1927.

19
.
Detroit Free Press,
December 9, 2001.

20
. Ibid.

21
. United Press International, “Five More Dying in School Blast,”
Youngstown Vindicator,
May 20, 1927.

22
. Cressman interview.

23
. Ellsworth,
The Bath School Disaster,
117.

24
.
Detroit Free Press,
August 26, 1987.

25
. Ellsworth,
The Bath School Disaster,
104–5.

26
. Ellsworth,
The Bath School Disaster,
3.

27
. Burnett interview.

28
. Ellsworth,
The Bath School Disaster,
74–75.

29
.
Detroit Free Press,
December 9, 2001.

30
. Wilkins,
My Scrapbook,
51.

31
. Vail interview.

32
. Mast interview.

33
.
Detroit Free Press,
August 26, 1987.

34
.
Lansing State Journal,
May 27, 1927.

35
. Ibid.

1
. Wilkins,
My Scrapbook,
56.

2
. “Bath School Ruins Reveal More of Plot,”
Lansing State Journal,
July 21, 1927.

3
. “School Yields More Dynamite,”
Lansing State Journal,
July 18, 1927.

4
. Wilkins,
My Scrapbook,
38.

5
. Cressman interview.

6
. Vail interview.

7
. Burnett,
History of Bath Charter Township,
219.

8
. Ibid.

9
. Frank Pritchard, “Valley of Tears made Mecca of Curious during Funerals,”
Lansing State Journal,
May 23, 1927.

10
. Burnett,
History of Bath Charter Township,
220.

11
. Patti Seehase interview.

12
. Ibid.

13
. Wilkins,
Reflections of Bath,
95.

14
. Loomis interview.

15
. Wilkins,
My Scrapbook,
63.

16
. David Seehase interview, May 17, 2008.

17
.
Detroit Free Press,
December 9, 2001.

18
.
Detroit Free Press,
August 26, 1987.

19
. Patti Seehase interview.

20
. Ibid.

21
. Julie Teed, interview with the author, February 15, 2007.

22
. Wayne Loomis, interview with the author, December 7, 2007.

23
. Patti Seehase interview.

24
. Burnett,
History of Bath Charter Township,
226–27.

25
. Parker,
Mayday,
226.

26
. Burnett,
History of Bath Charter Township,
226–27.

27
.
Detroit Free Press,
December 9, 2001.

28
. Teed interview.

29
. Roger Friend, interview with the author, September 28, 2005.

30
. Burnett,
History of Bath Charter Township,
224.

31
. Ibid., 225.

32
. Ibid., 222.

33
. Parker,
Mayday,
239.

34
. Burnett
, History of Bath Charter Township,
221.

35
. Patti Seehase interview.

36
. Loomis interview.

37
. Wilkins interview.

38
.
Detroit Free Press,
December 9, 2001.

39
. Ibid.

40
. Ibid.

41
. McConnell interview.

42
. “School Shootings,” Wikipedia,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School
_shootings (accessed August 17, 2007).

43
. “Bath School Disaster,”
http://freepages.history.rootsweb.ancestry
.com/~bauerle/disaster.htm (accessed January 5, 2006).

44
. Parker,
Mayday,
231.

45
. Nancy Welch Spagnulo, interview with the author, May 18, 2007.

46
. Vail interview.

47
. Heather Chadwick, interview with the author, May 22, 2007.

48
. Ibid.

Allen, Frederick Lewis.
Only Yesterday: An Informal History of the Nineteen-twenties.
Bantam Books, 1946.

Burnett, Harold B.
History of Bath Charter Township: 1826–1976.
1978.

Ellsworth, M. J.
The Bath School Disaster.
1927.

Parker, Grant.
Mayday: The History of a Village Holocaust.
Parker Press, 1980.

Hare, Robert D.
Without Conscience: The Disturbing World of the Psychopaths among Us.
Pocket Books, 1995.

Wilkins, Gene H.
My Scrapbook on the Bath School Bombing of May 18th, 1927.
Timber Wolf, 2002.

Wilkins, Gene H.
Reflections of Bath, Michigan: A Historical Look at the Bath/Park Lake Area through the Lens of a Camera.
Timber Wolf, 2005.

Chicago Daily News

Chicago Daily Tribune

Chicago Herald and Examiner

Clinton County Republican News

Detroit Free Press