Read Axis Sally: The American Voice of Nazi Germany Online

Authors: Richard Lucas

Tags: #Non-Fiction, #Bisac Code 1: BIO022000, #Biography, #History

Axis Sally: The American Voice of Nazi Germany (32 page)

I saw her in the barracks. There was a German officers’ headquarters there, and that morning a German came there and called my name—called me from the group of prisoners sitting on the outside and took me for interrogation. I was told I was going to be interrogated by somebody else, so when I came in, there were 8 to 10 German officers and soldiers in the room, and they just told me to go into the next room.

When I opened the door, I hear that sweet voice—“Hello Michael.” So right away, I would know her, because I have been listening to her, through Africa, Sicily and it was very familiar to me. So she introduced herself to me. “I think you know who I am, I am Sally or whatever otherwise you fellows are calling me”—because we never call her Axis Sally but we have a name “Berlin Babe.” So she introduced herself by the name Sally and said, “You are going to know me better by that name.”

She told me to sit down, and pulls a chair over at the wall and I sit down, and there was a German army cot, and she sits there, lifted her leg, and really exposed herself and really, she did not have any undergarments on. She started to talk to me about New York, and places she used to work, and she sung in the Village there. And she said, “By the way, do you care for a drink?” and I say, “Well, I never refuse.” So she called in a fellow—she calls him “Professor” and he came in and she sent him for the cognac. He brought the cognac and he opened the bottle and handed it to her, and she made a move for him to walk out.

The bottle was opened and she said, “Sorry we haven’t any glasses, but we are going to drink in the American style.” And she said, “Well, you’re probably going to be afraid to take the first drink from the bottle,” and handed the bottle to me. And eventually she said, “It is good stuff. It is 60-year-old cognac.”

We talked and she gives me a cigarette, and she started talking to me again about New York and about the places there and said, “How would you like to say hello to your family back home?” And so on, [to] which I said, “I would like it.” She opens the door again, called and told the Professor to bring the microphone in…. I said, “I would like to say hello to the people back home,” and then she said after I’d finished with that, she said, “Michael, aren’t you feeling happy that you are a prisoner of war and don’t have to fight anymore?” And I said, “No, ma’am. I do not because I feel one hundred percent better when I am in the front lines, at least I am not hungry and starving for being hungry and I got whatever I needed.” So she got mad and just knocked the microphone down which fell toward the cot there.

She started all over talking and asked what did we [the prisoners] do [in the camp]? I said, “I sunbathe.” She asked if I would say the same thing and I said yes. She brought the mike and I said, “We are just sitting in the sun, burning ourselves to death, because we are hungry and are watching American planes come over and bomb every five minutes.”

So at that time, she threw the microphone down again, which was the last time I spoke into the mike.
411

 

On cross-examination, Laughlin asked the witness how he knew that the woman was wearing no underclothes. Evanick responded, “Because she was sitting across the room from me, and she just opened her legs right in front of me and I have to see it. I am not talking about a slip. I am talking about bloomers or whatever you call it.”
412
Laughlin asked if Mildred made any sexual advances toward him and Evanick said no. The attorney focused on the lurid details of the soldier’s story rather than challenge discrepancies between the recorded evidence and his testimony.

Evanick claimed that Midge was so angry after he mentioned the hunger of the American prisoners that she knocked down the microphone stand for a second time and ended the recording session. He also claimed that he left the angry woman and walked out of the room. However, the FCC-monitored recording of the program explicitly shows the young GI cheerfully saying, “Goodbye New York!” in unison with Midge as they ended the interview—a crucial discrepancy that the defense did not exploit. Instead, Laughlin took aim at the motivation of the witness and Evanick admitted under cross-examination that it was
he
who expressed a keen interest in meeting Axis Sally. The prisoner told his German interrogators that it was “every paratrooper’s wish was to see her.” Two days later, Evanick got his wish.

The drama continued as a combative, ex-GI named Eugene McCarthy took the stand. Interned at
Stalag IIB
, McCarthy witnessed Mildred Gillars and Otto Koischwitz in action as they sought interviews for
Easter Bells of 1944
. McCarthy and his fellow soldiers were alone with the defendant for more than an hour while O.K. sought approval for the interviews. The young man testified how a nervous, chain-smoking Midge attempted small talk with her fellow Americans. Soon, the small talk disintegrated into a maelstrom of anger and threats:

 
 
 
McCARTHY:

She [Gillars] asked for an American cigarette, then another…. As we were sitting in the room, a carton of American cigarettes was passed into the room. It was… passed to her and she was as surprised as we were, wondering where the cigarettes came from. She took it and thanked the boys generously until she opened the carton.

 
 
 
 
KELLEY:

What was in it?

 
 
 
 
McCARTHY:

Horse manure.

 
 
 
 
KELLEY:

How did she react?

 
 
 
 
MCCARTHY:

Very surprised and angry…. She said we were the worst bunch of American prisoners she ever ran into… [that] we treated her terribly for being a woman…. There were quite a few men in the barracks at that time, about 300 men standing on the tables and the bunks outside the “man of confidence’s” room. The room was full, and men were going in and out. At the time, the men were very, very angry—as a bunch of GIs will get—and they were saying very vile words.… [She said] “I am leaving!” She turned to the GIs in the bar racks; she said, “You will regret this!”
413

 

Laughlin tried to mitigate the impact of McCarthy’s testimony by accusing the former POW of “bias” against his client. The witness met the accusation with a withering reply:

 
 
 
McCARTHY:

If you put 15 months in a prison camp, and you seen your buddies once a month in that camp—one fellow a month shot—and that camp was there 18 months. In 18 months there were 18 men shot, and I saw the way we were treated in there and made to live, and all is just not right, and you see an American person come in and say she is an American working for them; do you think I love that person to sell out her country, no sir?

 
 
 
 
LAUGHLIN:

Now, Mr. Witness, you do not know the circumstances under which she was doing that.

 
 
 
 
MCCARTHY:

Well, sir—now, why in that two and a half hours, or hour and a half, when the German officers and Otto Koischwitz went out, and she was in the room by herself, why didn’t she make a statement to us at that time as to what she was being held to?

 

Laughlin changed the subject and took aim at one of the core tenets of the prosecution’s case. Did Axis Sally’s activities adversely affect the fighting man’s morale?

 
 
 
LAUGHLIN:

Did she undermine your morale?

 
 
 
 
McCARTHY:

Undermine it. Absolutely.

 
 
 
 
LAUGHLIN:

She did.

 
 
 
 
McCARTHY:

Absolutely.

 
 
 
 
LAUGHLIN:

She caused you to desert.

 
 
 
 
McCARTHY:

To desert? I don’t know what you mean.

 
 
 
 
LAUGHLIN:

How did she undermine—

 
 
 
 
McCARTHY:

(Interposing) She lowered herself—

 
 
 
 
LAUGHLIN

How did she undermine your morale?

 
 
 
 
McCARTHY:

By just seeing her working for them, my morale was upset, by this woman working for the Germans.

 
 
 
 
LAUGHLIN:

Wasn’t your morale at a very low ebb when you were in a prison camp anyway?

 
 
 
 
McCARTHY:

No sir. When you see when they take one boy and shoot a man, we got clannish and the Americans stuck together. We didn’t care what would happen. Every time another boy was shot—we would fight them all the harder.
414

 
 
 
 
LAUGHLIN:

Mr. Witness, when did you first know the name of the defendant?

 
 
 
 
McCARTHY:

When the first FBI agent told me what her actual name was.

 
 
 
 
LAUGHLIN:

That was 1946?

 
 
 
 
McCARTHY:

That is right.

 
 
 
 
LAUGHLIN:

You didn’t know it before that?

 
 
 
 
McCARTHY:

No, I knew her by the [name] Berlin Bitch or Axis Sally.

 
 
 
 
LAUGHLIN:

Berlin what?

 
 
 
 
McCARTHY:

Berlin Bitch.

 

The Court of Public Opinion

 

Three weeks of testimony had passed and public interest in the trial began to wane. Some commentators expressed doubts about the wisdom of bringing the aging, down-on-her-luck actress to trial at all.
New York Daily News
columnist Ruth Montgomery expressed a common opinion: “A good number are beginning to wonder whether dramatizing the stage-struck propagandist by assigning her the leading role in real life is the best way to render justice.” Montgomery suggested stripping Mildred of her citizenship and leaving it at that:

Would it not have been greater punishment, then, to have revoked the American citizenship of Axis Sally and consigned her forever to live—scorned and friendless—in the country to which she sold out? Like Philip Nolan in Edward Everett Hale’s “The Man without a Country,” Axis Sally might have been eternally forbidden to return to her native land; never again could she have visited her relatives, friends and former neighbors in Maine or Conneaut, Ohio.
415

 

Estimating that the Justice Department had already spent one million dollars to bring Axis Sally to trial, Montgomery pointed to the many government witnesses flown in from Germany, some of them formerly enthusiastic Nazis. The US government provided them regular stipends and allowed them to stay and work in the United States as the trials progressed. “None [of the German witnesses] have shown any interest in leaving the land of plenty when the treason trials adjourn. Our government is permitting them to live wherever they choose and take well-paid American jobs. It’s a lucky break for the Nazis,” she concluded.
416

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