Read Alexander Hamilton Online
Authors: Ron Chernow
1. Hamilton,
Life of Alexander Hamilton,
vol. 5, p. 450.
2.
PAH,
vol. 15, p. 671, “Americanus No. I,” January 31, 1794.
3. Hamilton,
Life of Alexander Hamilton,
vol. 5, pp. 532–33.
4.
PAH,
vol. 16, p. 134, letter to George Washington, March 8, 1794.
5. Ketcham,
James Madison,
p. 351.
6. Hamilton,
Life of Alexander Hamilton,
vol. 5, pp. 532–33.
7. McDonald,
Alexander Hamilton,
p. 291.
8.
PAH,
vol. 16, p. 264.
9. Mitchell,
Alexander Hamilton: The National Adventure,
p. 332.
10. Malone,
Jefferson and His Time,
vol. 3, p. 184. 11.
PAH,
vol. 16, p. 273, letter to George Washington, April 14, 1794.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid., vol. 3, p. 295, “Remarks on the Provisional Peace Treaty,” March 19, 1783.
16. Ibid., vol. 16, p. 281, “Conversation with George Hammond,” April 15–16, 1794.
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid., p. 381, letter to John Jay, May 6, 1794. 19. Ketcham,
James Madison,
p. 352.
20. Ellis,
Founding Brothers,
p. 142.
21. Elkins and McKitrick,
Age of Federalism,
p. 409.
22.
PAH,
vol. 26, p. 738, “Views on the French Revolution,” [1794].
23. Ibid., p. 739.
24.
The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography,
July 1967.
25. Baxter,
Godchild of Washington,
p. 224. 26. St. Méry,
Moreau de St. Méry’s American Journey,
p. 138.
27. Harcourt,
Memoirs of Madame de la Tour du Pin,
p. 273.
28. Hamilton,
Intimate Life of Alexander Hamilton,
p. 36.
29.
PAH,
vol. 17, p. 428, letter to Angelica Church, December 8, 1794.
30. Ibid., vol. 15, p. 600, “List of French Distressed Persons,” 1793.
31. Brookhiser,
Gentleman Revolutionary,
p. 106.
32. Cooper,
Talleyrand,
p. 28.
33. Schama,
Citizens,
p. 678.
34.
PAH,
vol. 16, p. 380, letter from Angelica Church to Elizabeth Hamilton, February 4, 1794.
35. Hamilton,
Life of Alexander Hamilton,
vol. 7, p. 134.
36.
PAH,
vol. 16, p. 387, letter from George Washington, May 6, 1794.
37. Baxter,
Godchild of Washington,
p. 224.
38. Flexner,
Young Hamilton,
p. 449.
39. Hamilton,
Life of Alexander Hamilton,
vol. 6, p. 251.
40. Cooper,
Talleyrand,
p. 73.
41. Talleyrand,
Memoirs of the Prince de Talleyrand,
p. 185.
42. Hamilton,
Intimate Life of Alexander Hamilton,
p. 239.
21. Ibid., p. 159, “Tully No. III,”
Claypoole’s American Daily Advertiser,
August 28, 1794.
22. Smith,
Patriarch,
p. 214.
23.
PAH,
vol. 17, p. 285, letter to George Gale, September 28, 1794.
24. Ibid., p. 241, letter to Rufus King, September 17, 1794.
25. Ibid., p. 255, letter to George Washington, September 19, 1794.
26. Hamilton,
Life of Alexander Hamilton,
vol. 6, p. 101.
27.
PAH,
vol. 17, p. 287, letter to Philip A. and Alexander Hamilton, Jr., September 29, 1794. 28. Ibid., p. 309, letter to Samuel Hodgdon, October 7, 1794.
29. Findley,
History of the Insurrection in the Four Western Counties of Pennsylvania,
p. 142. 30. Hamilton,
Life of Alexander Hamilton,
vol. 6, p. 106.
31. Ibid.
32. Ibid., p. 108.
33.
PAH,
vol. 22, p. 453, letter to Theodore Sedgwick, February 2, 1799.
34. Rakove,
James Madison and the Creation of the American Republic,
p. 135.
35.
PAH,
vol. 17, p. 340, letter to Angelica Church, October 23, 1794.
36.
Aurora General Advertiser,
November 8, 1794. 37.
PAH,
vol. 17, p. 366, letter to George Washington, November 11, 1794.
38. Ibid., p. 348, letter to Rufus King, October 30, 1794.
39. Findley,
History of the Insurrection in the Four Western Counties of Pennsylvania,
p. 228. 40.
PAH,
vol. 17, p. 383, “Examination of Hugh Henry Brackenridge,” November 18–19, 1794. 41. Findley,
History of the Insurrection in the Four Western Counties of Pennsylvania,
p. 236. 42. Ibid., p. 238.
43. Ibid., p. 245.
44. Ketcham,
James Madison,
p. 354.
45. Rakove,
James Madison and the Creation of the American Republic,
p. 136.
46. Madison,
Papers of James Madison,
vol. 16, p. 440.
47. Ellis,
Founding Brothers,
p. 140.
48. MHi-TPP, reel 47, p. 180.
49. NYHS-MM, reel 64, letter from Angelica Church to Elizabeth Hamilton, December 11, 1794. 50.
PAH,
vol. 17, p. 392, letter from Henry Knox, November 24, 1794.
51. Ibid., p. 428, letter to Angelica Church, December 8, 1794.
52. LC-AHP, reel 29, letter from Angelica Church to Elizabeth Hamilton, January 25, 1795. 53. Hamilton,
Intimate Life of Alexander Hamilton,
p. 164.
54. LC-AHP, reel 30, memo of Timothy Pickering, talk with John Marshall, February 13, 1811. 55.
PAH,
vol. 18, p. 248, letter from George Washington, February 2, 1795.
56. Ibid., p. 58,
Report on a Plan for the Further Support of Public Credit,
January 16, 1795. 57.
PAH,
vol. 19, p. 56, “The Defence of the Funding System,” July 1795.
58. Malone,
Jefferson and His Time,
vol. 3, p. 35. 59.
PAH,
vol. 18, p. 278, letter to Rufus King, February 21, 1795.
60. Ibid., pp. 278–79.
61. Knott,
Alexander Hamilton and the Persistence of Myth,
p. 238.
62. Lodge,
Alexander Hamilton,
p. 184.
1.
PAH,
vol. 4, p. 348, “The Federalist No. 12,” November 27, 1787.
2.
National Gazette,
June 18, 1792.
3.
PAH,
vol. 12, p. 306, letter from John Neville to George Clymer, August 23, 1792.
4. CU-HPPP, box 265.
5. Mitchell,
Alexander Hamilton: The National Adventure,
p. 317.
6.
PAH,
vol. 12, pp. 311–12, letter to George Washington, September 1, 1792.
7. Ibid., p. 390, letter from George Washington, September 17, 1792.
8. Ibid., vol. 16, p. 591, letter to George Washington, July 11, 1794.
9. Ibid., p. 616, letter to George Washington, July 23, 1794.
10. Ibid., vol. 17, p. 16, letter to George Washington, August 2, 1794.
11. Elkins and McKitrick,
Age of Federalism,
p. 475. 12.
The Journal of American History,
December 1972; Elkins and McKitrick,
Age of Federalism,
p. 479.
13.
PAH,
vol. 22, p. 552, letter to James McHenry, March 18, 1799.
14.
The Journal of American History,
December 1972.
15.
PAH,
vol. 17, pp. 76–77, letter to William Bradford, August 8, 1794.
16.
The Journal of American History,
December 1972.
17.
PAH,
vol. 17, pp. 14–15, letter to Elizabeth Hamilton, August 2, 1794.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid., p. 85, letter to Elizabeth Hamilton, August 12, 1794.
20. Ibid., p. 148, “Tully No. II,”
Claypoole’s American Daily Advertiser,
August 26, 1794.
Twenty-seven: Sugar Plums and Toys
1.
The Daily Advertiser,
February 28, 1795.
2. Hamilton,
Intimate Life of Alexander Hamilton,
p. 205.
3.
PAH,
vol. 18, p. 344, letter to Richard Varick, May 12, 1795.
4. Ibid., p. 196, letter from David Campbell, January 27, 1795.
5. Ibid., vol. 17, p. 428, letter to Angelica Church, December 8, 1794.
6. Ibid., vol. 16, p. 356, letter to Angelica Church, April–May 1794.
7. Hamilton,
Life of Alexander Hamilton,
vol. 6, p. 213.
8. Custis,
Recollections and Private Memoirs of Washington,
p. 352.
9. LC-AHP, reel 31, Robert Troup, “Additional Facts Relative to the Life, and Character, of General Hamilton,” January 1, 1821.
10.
PAH,
vol. 18, p. 310, letter from Robert Troup, March 31, 1795.
11. Ibid., pp. 328–29, letter to Robert Troup, April 13, 1795.
12. NYSL, letter from Alexander Hamilton to Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton, April 8, 1795. 13.
PAH,
vol. 16, p. 609, letter from John Jay, July 18[–August 5], 1794.
14. Ibid.
15.
Political Science Quarterly,
March 1956. 16. Rakove,
James Madison and the Creation of the American Republic,
p. 137.
17. Ellis,
Founding Brothers,
p. 136.
18.
PAH,
vol. 18, p. 383, letter to Rufus King, June 20, 1795.
19. Ibid., p. 391.
20. Ellis,
Founding Brothers,
p. 137.
21. Lomask,
Aaron Burr: The Years from Princeton to Vice President,
p. 182.
22. Elkins and McKitrick,
Age of Federalism,
p. 375. 23.
PAH,
vol. 18, p. 531.
24. Ellis,
Founding Brothers,
p. 137.
25.
PAH,
vol. 18, p. 399, letter from George Washington, July 3, 1795.
26. Ibid., p. 451, letter to George Washington, July 9–11, 1795.
27. Ibid., p. 461, letter from George Washington, July 13, 1795.
28. Ibid., p. 512, letter to Oliver Wolcott, Jr., June 18, 1795.
29. Madison,
Papers of James Madison,
vol. 16, p. 9.
30. Mitchell,
Alexander Hamilton: The National Adventure,
p. 341.
31.
The Argus, or Greenleaf ’s New Daily Advertiser,
July 20, 1795.
32. Ibid.
33. Mitchell,
Alexander Hamilton: The National Adventure,
p. 342.
34. King,
Life and Correspondence of Rufus King,
vol. 2, p. 20.
35. Malone,
Jefferson and His Time,
vol. 3, p. 248.
36. Ibid., p. 383.
37.
The Minerva, and Mercantile Evening Advertiser,
December 12, 1796.
38.
PAH,
vol. 20, p. 42.
39. Ibid.
40. Freeman,
Affairs of Honor,
p. xiv.
41.
PAH,
vol. 18, p. 471, letter to James Nicholson, July 20, 1795.
42. Ibid., p. 473, letter to James Nicholson, July 20, 1795.
43. Ibid., vol. 21, p. 143.
44. Ibid., vol. 14, p. 537, letter from James Hamilton, June 12, 1793.
45. Ibid., vol. 18, p. 503, letter to Robert Troup, July 25, 1795.
46. Ibid.
47. Ibid., p. 505.
48. King,
Life and Correspondence of Rufus King,
vol. 2, p. 13.
49. LC-AHP, letter from James Kent to Elizabeth Hamilton, December 20, 1832.
50.
PAH,
vol. 18, p. 481, “The Defence No. I,” July 22, 1795.
51. Ibid., p. 478, letter from George Washington, July 29, 1795.
52. Ibid., p. 524, letter from George Washington, July 20, 1795.
53. Ibid., p. 493, “The Defence No. II,” July 25, 1795.
54. Ibid., p. 498.
55. Ibid., vol. 19, p. 75, “Horatius No. II,” July 1795.
56. Ibid., vol. 18, p. 526, “Address on the Jay Treaty,” July 30, 1795.
57. Ibid., p. 527, letter from Oliver Wolcott, Jr., July 30, 1795.
58. Ibid., p. 513, “The Defence No. III,” July 29, 1795.
59. Ibid.
60. Ibid., vol. 19, p. 102, “Philo Camillus No. II,” August 7, 1795.
61. Ibid., p. 96, “The Defence No. V,” August 5, 1795. 62. Ketcham,
James Madison,
p. 357.
63.
PAH,
vol. 19, p. 172, “The Defence No. X,” August 26, 1795.
64. Ibid, p. 174.
65. Elkins and McKitrick,
Age of Federalism,
p. 436. 66.
PAH,
vol. 18, p. 478.
67. Ibid.
68. Wills,
James Madison,
p. 42.
69. Hamilton,
Life of Alexander Hamilton,
vol. 6, p. 454.
70.
PAH,
vol. 20, p. 13, “The Defence No. XXX,” January 6, 1796.
71. McCullough,
John Adams,
p. 459.
72. Hamilton,
Life of Alexander Hamilton,
vol. 6, p. 315.
73. Ellis,
Founding Brothers,
p. 143.
74.
PAH,
vol. 20, p. 68, letter to George Washington, March 7, 1796.
75. Ibid., p. 83, letter to George Washington, March 28, 1796.
76. Ibid., p. 89, letter to George Washington, March 29, 1796.
77. Ibid., p. 113, letter to Rufus King, April 15, 1796. 78. Smith,
Patriarch,
p. 264.
79.
PAH,
vol. 20, p. 133, “To the Citizens Who Shall Be Convened This Day in the Fields in the City of New York,” April 22, 1796.
80. Ellis,
Founding Brothers,
p. 138.
81. Mitchell,
Alexander Hamilton: The National Adventure,
p. 350.
82. Wills,
James Madison,
p. 42.
83. Ketcham,
James Madison,
p. 364.
84. Ellis,
Founding Brothers,
p. 138.
85.
PAH,
vol. 20, p. 104, letter from George Washington, March 31, 1796.
10.
PAH,
vol. 21, p. 451, letter to the marquis de Lafayette, April 28, 1798.
11. Ibid., vol. 18, p. 324, letter to Oliver Wolcott, Jr., April 10, 1795.
12. Ibid., p. 511, letter from Oliver Wolcott, Jr., July 28, 1795.
13. Ibid., vol. 19, p. 295, letter from Oliver Wolcott, Jr., September 26, 1795.
14. Ibid., vol. 19, p. 236, letter to George Washington, September 4, 1795.
15. LC-WPP, reel 2, letter from William Plumer to Jeremiah Smith, February 19, 1796.
16.
PAH,
vol. 19, p. 356, letter from George Washington, October 29, 1795.
17. Ibid., p. 395, letter to George Washington, November 5, 1795.
18. Smith,
Patriarch,
p. 252.
19. Ketcham,
James Madison,
p. 359.
20.
PAH,
vol. 20, p. 239, letter from George Washington, June 26, 1796.
21. Cooke,
Alexander Hamilton,
p. 111.
22.
PAH,
vol. 20, pp. 173–74, letter from George Washington, May 10, 1796.
23. Smith,
Patriarch,
p. 267.
24.
PAH,
vol. 20, p. 293, letter from George Washington, August 10, 1796.
25. Grafton,
Declaration of Independence and Other Great Documents of American History,
p. 53. 26.
PAH,
vol. 20, p. 164, letter from George Washington, May 8, 1796.
27. Ibid., p. 282, “Draft of Washington’s Farewell Address,” July 30, 1796.
28. Ibid., p. 280.
29. Cooke,
Alexander Hamilton,
p. 119.
30. Ellis,
Founding Brothers,
p. 160.
31. Ibid., p. 126.
32.
PAH,
vol. 20, p. 172.
33. Ibid., p. 173.
34. Ibid., p. 172.
35. Brodie,
Thomas Jefferson,
p. 303.
36. Wills,
James Madison,
p. xvii.
37. Madison,
Papers of James Madison,
vol. 16, p. 440. 38. Callender,
History of the United States for 1796,
p. 208.
39. Ferling,
John Adams,
p. 326.
40.
PAH,
vol. 20, p. 376, letter to an unnamed recipient, November 8, 1796.
41. Ibid., vol. 25, p. 193,
Letter from Alexander Hamilton,
October 24, 1800.
42. MHi-TPP, reel 51, p. 133.
43.
PAH,
vol. 25, p. 196,
Letter from Alexander Hamilton,
October 24, 1800.
44. Elkins and McKitrick,
Age of Federalism,
p. 540.
45. Emery,
Alexander Hamilton,
p. 176.
46. McCullough,
John Adams,
p. 463.
47.
PAH,
vol. 25, p. 195.
48. Ellis,
Passionate Sage,
p. 27.
49. Smith,
Patriarch,
p. 284.
50.
PAH,
vol. 12, pp. 504–5, “Catullus No. III,”
Gazette of the United States,
September 29, 1792. 51. “Phocion No. IV,”
Gazette of the United States,
October 19, 1796.
52. “Phocion No. IX,”
Gazette of the United States,
October 25, 1796.
53. Brodie,
Thomas Jefferson,
p. 287.
54. Ibid., p. 296.
55. “Phocion No. I,”
Gazette of the United States,
October 14, 1796.
56. Ibid.
57. “Phocion No. II,”
Gazette of the United States,
October 15, 1796.
58. Brodie,
Thomas Jefferson,
p. 158.
59. “Phocion No. I,”
Gazette of the United States,
October 14, 1796.
60. “Phocion No. II,”
Gazette of the United States,
October 15, 1796.
61. Brodie,
Thomas Jefferson,
p. 352.
62. “Phocion No. II,”
Gazette of the United States,
October 15, 1796.
63. Ibid.
64. “Phocion No. VI,”
Gazette of the United States,
October 21, 1796.
65.
PAH,
vol. 12, p. 510, “Catullus No. III,”
Gazette of the United States,
September 29, 1792.
66. “Phocion No. VIII,”
Gazette of the United States,
October 24, 1796.
67. Mitchell,
Alexander Hamilton: The National Adventure,
p. 394.
68. Malone,
Jefferson and His Time,
vol. 4,
pp. 163–64.
69. McCullough,
John Adams,
p. 464.
70. Madison,
Papers of James Madison,
vol. 16, p. 440.
71. Ibid.
72.
PAH,
vol. 20, p. 515, letter to Rufus King, February 15, 1797.
73. Ibid., p. 465, letter from Stephen Higginson, January 12, 1797.
12. Wilson and Stanton,
Jefferson Abroad,
p. 122.
13. Brookhiser,
America’s First Dynasty,
p. 46.
14. Ellis,
Founding Brothers,
p. 207.
15. Ferling,
John Adams,
p. 440.
16. Bobrick,
Angel in the Whirlwind,
p. 97.
17. Ferling,
John Adams,
p. 159.
18. Ibid., p. 19.
19. Ibid., p. 233.
20. Ellis,
Passionate Sage,
p. 60.
21. Hamilton,
Life of Alexander Hamilton,
vol. 3, p. 598.
22. Ellis,
Founding Brothers,
p. 217; Adams,
Old Family Letters,
p. 164.
23. Brookhiser,
America’s First Dynasty,
p. 53.
24. Freeman,
Affairs of Honor,
p. 138.
25. Ellis,
Passionate Sage,
p. 57.
26. McCullough,
John Adams,
p. 373.
27. Ellis,
Passionate Sage,
p. 146.
28. Ferling,
John Adams,
p. 312.
29. Ibid.
30. McCullough,
John Adams,
p. 48.
31. Ellis,
Passionate Sage,
p. 116.
32. Cooke,
Alexander Hamilton,
p. vii.
33. Knott,
Alexander Hamilton and the Persistence of Myth,
p. 19.
34. Brookhiser,
Alexander Hamilton,
p. 31; Adams,
Statesman and Friend,
p. 116; Gerlach,
Proud Patriot,
p. 400.
35. Pickering,
Review of the Correspondence Between the Hon. John Adams and the Late Wm. Cunningham,
p. 156.
36. Adams,
Old Family Letters,
pp. 163–64.
37. Ferling,
John Adams,
p. 360.
38. Flexner,
Young Hamilton,
p. 62.
39. Adams,
Old Family Letters,
pp. 163–64.
40. Adams,
Statesman and Friend,
pp. 157–58.
41. Ferling,
John Adams,
p. 429.
42. Ellis,
Founding Brothers,
p. 166.
43. Ibid.
,
p. 176.
44. Ellis,
Passionate Sage,
p. 62.
45. Emery,
Alexander Hamilton,
p. 183.
46. McCullough,
John Adams,
p. 471.
47.
PAH,
vol. 25, p. 214,
Letter from Alexander Hamilton,
October 24, 1800.
48. Hamilton,
Life of Alexander Hamilton,
vol. 7, p. 598.
49. Ferling,
John Adams,
p. 424.
50.
PAH,
vol. 25, p. 183.
51.
The Boston Patriot,
May 29, 1809.
52. Hamilton,
Life of Alexander Hamilton,
vol. 7, p. 329.
53. Ferling,
John Adams,
pp. 316–17.
54. Hamilton,
Life of Alexander Hamilton,
vol. 7, p. 326.
55. Brookhiser,
Alexander Hamilton,
p. 131.
56. McCullough,
John Adams,
p. 526.
38.
PAH,
vol. 21, p. 238, “The Reynolds Pamphlet,” August 1797.
39. Ibid.
40. Ibid., p. 240.
41. Ibid., p. 243.
42. Ibid., pp. 244–45.
43. Ibid., p. 239.
44. Ibid., pp. 243–44.
45. Ibid., p. 267.
46. Ames,
Sketch of the Character of Alexander Hamilton,
p. 12.
47. Lomask,
Aaron Burr: The Years from Princeton to Vice President,
p. 208.
48. NYHS-RTP, letter from Robert Troup to Rufus King, September 3, 1797.
49. CU-HPPP, box 272, letter from William Loughton Smith to Rufus King, December 14, 1797.
50. Mitchell,
Alexander Hamilton: The National Adventure,
p. 408.
51.
PAH,
vol. 21, p. 140.
52. Rosenfeld,
American Aurora,
p. 33.
53. Mitchell,
Alexander Hamilton: The National Adventure,
p. 713.
54. Rosenfeld,
American Aurora,
p. 33.
55.
PAH,
vol. 21, p. 139.
56. McCullough,
John Adams,
p. 480.
57. MHi-TPP, reel 51, pp. 164–65.
58. McCullough,
John Adams,
p. 493.
59. Adams,
Correspondence Between the Hon. John Adams, and the Late Wm. Cunningham,
p. 159. 60. Fleming,
Duel,
p. 360.
61. Lomask,
Aaron Burr: The Years from Princeton to Vice President,
pp. 208–9.
62. Adams,
Correspondence Between the Hon. John Adams, and the Late Wm. Cunningham,
p. 161.
63.
PAH,
vol. 21, p. 214, letter from George Washington, August 21, 1797.
64. Hamilton,
Intimate Life of Alexander Hamilton,
p. 59.
65.
PAH,
vol. 21, p. 259, “The Reynolds Pamphlet,” August 1797.
66. Ibid., p. 159, letter from Abraham B. Venable, July 10, 1797.
67. Ibid., p. 157, letter to James Monroe, July 10, 1797.
68. Ammon,
James Monroe,
p. 30.
69. Knott,
Alexander Hamilton and the Persistence of Myth,
p. 12.
70. Ammon,
James Monroe,
p. 106.
71. Ibid., p. 168.
72.
PAH,
vol. 21, p. 160, “David Gelston Account of a Meeting Between Alexander Hamilton and James Monroe,” July 11, 1797.
73. Ibid.
74. Ibid.
75. Ibid.
76. Ibid.
77.
Aurora General Advertiser,
July 17, 1797. 78.
PAH,
vol. 21, pp. 180–81, letter to James Monroe, July 21, 1797.
79. Ibid., p. 186, letter to James Monroe, July 25, 1797. 80.
PAH,
vol. 21, p. 201.
81. Ibid., p. 202.
82. Ibid., p. 211.
83. Ibid., p. 317.
84. Davis,
Memoirs of Aaron Burr,
vol. 2, p. 434. 85.
PAH,
vol. 21, p. 286, letter to George Washington, August 28, 1797.
86.
Aurora General Advertiser,
September 19, 1797. 87.
PAH,
vol. 21, p. 163, letter from John B. Church, July 13, 1797. The word
scoundrels
appears in brackets because Hamilton’s editors guessed at the difficult-to-decipher word.