Aachen: The U.S. Army's Battle for Charlemagne's City in World War II (58 page)

4
.  Whitehead,
San Jose Evening News
, 10 October 1944.

5
.  Office of the Chief Military History, Original Surrender Demand Documents of the City of Aachen Germany, Geog M Germany 384.1, CMH.

6
.  Reprint To the German Troops and People of Aachen, CMH.

7
.  Whitehead, 10 October 1944.

8
.  Headquarters 26th Infantry,
Report of Regimental Activities for the Month of October 1944
, 5.

9
.  Drew Middleton, “Aachen as Test for Germany: Defiance Necessary for Morale,”
New York Times
, 10 October 1944.

10
. The Battle for the Aachen Sector, September to November 1944, Interviews with
General der Infantrie
Köchling, Historical Division, Headquarters United States Army, Europe, MS#A-991, USAMHI, 3.

11
. Battle for Aachen, Development of the enemy Positions in Front of the Corps Line, Reardon Translation, 12.

12
. Samuel W. Mitcham,
The Siegfried Line: The German Defense of the Westwall, September–December 1944
(Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2009), 107.

13
. Select Intelligence Reports, Volume 1, 68.

14
. Engel, 24.

15
. Guderian, 209–10.

16
. Battle for Aachen, Reardon Translation, 11.

17
. Battle of Aachen, 18th Infantry Regiment, C-L-117, NA, p. 11.

18
. Headquarters 2nd Battalion 18th Infantry Regiment, Battalion in Attack, Verlautenheide Germany, October 1944, 5–6.

19
. Engel, 77.

20
. Annex to Select Intelligence Reports,
Aachen Air and Artillery Strikes Overlay
, 11–12 October 1944, Targets by Number and Flight Path, 367th 1st Group, 404th 2nd Group, 368th 3rd Group, 370th 4th Group, NA.

21
. Lieutenant Colonel Derrill M. Daniel, “The Capture of Aachen,” A Lecture Presented by [Daniel], Guest Instructor, Combined Arms Section, Marine Corps School, Quantico Virginia, Undated, NA, 5.

22
. Daniel Lecture, 6.

23
. Don Whitehead,
Beachhead Don: Reporting the War from the European Theater: 1941–1945
(New York: Fordham University Press, 2004), 263.

24
. Ibid.

25
. 26th Infantry Regiment AAR, 11 October 1944, 5–6.

26
. Engel, 25–27.

27
. RCT in Offensive Action,
The Attack on Verlautenheide, Crucifix Hill and Ravelsberg Hill
, 18th Infantry Regiment, 17.

28
. 1st ID Select Intelligence, Annex No. 4 to G-2 Periodic Report No. 125, 22 October 1944.

29
. 26th Infantry Regiment,
Clearing the Area South of the Railroad Tracks
, Battle of Aachen, 8–21 October 1944, NA, 6–7.

30
. 26th Infantry Regiment, 3rd Battalion Journal, 12 October 1944.

31
. Kenneth T. Downs, “Nothing Stopped the Timberwolves,”
Saturday Evening Post
, 17 August 1946.

32
. Daniel Lecture, 9.

33
. Guderian, 215.

34
. S-3 Unit Report for the Month of October 1944, Headquarters 26th Infantry Regiment, Prisoner interrogations revealing companies in the line 13 October 1944, NA.

35
. S-3, 26 INF, Entry for 1113 Hours 13 October 1944.

36
. S-3, 26 INF, Entry for 1430 Hours 13 October 1944.

37
. S-3, 26 INF, Entry for 1500 Hours 13 October 1944.

38
. 26 INF, Clearing the Area South of the Railroad Tracks, Battle of Aachen 8–21 October 1944, 12.

39
. S-3, 26 INF, Entry for 1251 Hours 13 October 1944.

40
. Report of Burial, Weeks, Rowland A. Company F 26 INF, Date of Death 13 October 1944, MRC.

41
. S-3, 26 INF, Entry for 1626 Hours 13 October 1944.

42
. S-3, 26 INF, Entry for 1656 and 2125 Hours 13 October 1944.

43
. S-3, 26 INF, Entries from 1500 to 1840 Hours 13 October 1944.

44
. S-3, 26 INF, Entry for 2030 Hours 13 October 1944.

45
. S-3, 26 INF, Entry for 2120 Hours 13 October 1944.

46
. 3rd Battalion 26 INF Journal, 13 October 1944, 63.

47
. Daniel Lecture, 11.

CHAPTER 11

1
.  Select Intelligence Reports, 1st ID, Volume 1, 80.

2
.  
Generalmajor
Walter Denkert, 3rd Panzer Division in the Battle of Aachen, October 1944, Historical division United States Army in Europe, Foreign Military Studies Branch, MS # A-979, USAMHI, 3–5.

3
.  Guderian, 217.

4
.  18th RCT, 12.

5
.  Daniel Lecture, 11.

6
.  Ibid.

7
.  Charles Whiting,
Bloody Aachen, Westwall
Series (Conshohocken, PA: Combined Books, 2000), 116.

8
.  The Infantry Battalion in Offensive Action, Second Battalion 26th Infantry Regiment, Aachen 8–20 October 1944, 9.

9
.  Daniel Lecture, 11–12.

10
. McDonald, 312.

11
. Engel, 33–34.

12
. Attack on G and I Companies 16th Infantry Regiment During the Battle for Aachen. MRC, 1–2.

13
. G and I Companies 16 INF, 3.

14
. Interview with Lt. Emmet R. Duffy,
634th Tank Destroyer Battalion, Battle for Aachen
, NA., 3.

15
. McDonald, 292.

16
. Ibid.

17
. Denkert MS, 6.

18
. Engel, 35.

19
. Köchling MS # A-991, 13.

20
. 26 INF 3rd Battalion Journal, 15 October 1944.

21
. Ibid.

22
. G and I Companies, 16th INF, 4.

23
. 16th INF, 1861–1946, 171.

24
. G and I Companies, 16th INF, 4.

25
. Cole C. Kingseed,
From Omaha Beach to Dawson's Ridge: The Combat Journal of Captain Joe Dawson
(Washington, DC: Naval Institute Press, 2005), 216.

26
. Ibid.

27
.
Proud Americans
, 235.

28
. Ibid., 225.

29
. 16th INF Regiment 1861–1946, 171.

30
. Presidential Unit Citation, Companies G and I 16th Infantry Regiment, Eilendorf Germany, 15–17 October 1944, War Department General Order No. 14, 1945.

31
. Dawson Interview with John Votaw, MRC, 16 April 1991, MRC.

32
. 26th INF 3rd Battalion Journal, 16 October 1944.

33
. Köchling, MS# A-991, 4.

CHAPTER 12

1
.  McDonald, 295.

2
.  120th Infantry Regiment, Draft of Unit Citation, 2–3, OH, 11 (accessed March 2014).

3
.  1st Battalion 120 INF, 3.

4
.  McDonald, 297.

5
.  Robert L. Hewitt,
Work Horse of the Western Front: The Story of the 30th Infantry Division
(Washington, DC: Washington Infantry Journal Press, 1946), 130.

6
.  Simmons Interview,
Breaching the Siegfried Line, Company A's Road Block at Bardenberg
, NA, 4–5.

7
.  Ferriss, Comments of Major Laney, Executive Officer of 2nd Battalion 119th Infantry, and Captain Hardway, Battalion S-1, 17 October 1944, NA, 2.

8
.  Knox Journal, 18–19.

9
.  McDonald, 297–98.

10
. Ibid., 297.

11
. 120 INF Unit Citation, 4.

12
. 119 INF History Book, 69.

13
. Brown Interview, 3.

14
. 119 INF History Book, 69.

15
. Knox Journal, 20.

16
. Hechler, Interview with Maj. Gen. Leland S. Hobbs, CG 30th Infantry Division, Highlights of 30th Division Activities, 2–10 October 1944, NA, 1.

17
. McDonald, 299.

18
. WHWF, 135.

19
. Guderian, 210.

20
. McDonald, 300.

21
. Guderian, 211.

22
. 3rd Battalion 120th Infantry Regiment, 1–21 October 1944, 4. OH, 11 (accessed March 2014).

23
. WHWF, 133.

24
. Ibid.

25
. Ibid.

26
. Guderian, 212.

27
. McDonald, 299.

28
. WHWF, 135.

29
. Ibid.

30
. Guderian, 214.

31
. WHWF, 136.

32
. 119 INF History Book, 70.

33
. Guderian, 214.

34
. 119 INF History Book, 70.

35
. Medal of Honor Citation (posthumously) Staff Sgt. Jack J. Pendleton, Company I, 120th Infantry Regiment, 30th Infantry Division, Bardenberg, Germany, 12 October 1944.

36
. McDonald, 302.

37
. WHWF, 136.

38
. 30th ID S-3 Journal, 12 October 1944.

39
. Hobbs Interview with Hechler, 1.

40
. McDonald, 302.

41
. 117th Infantry Unit Journal 12 October 1944, OH, 3 (accessed March 2014).

42
. 117 INF Journal, 12 October 1944.

43
. Ibid.

44
. Guderian, 215.

45
. Ibid., 215–16.

46
. Ibid., 216.

47
. 119 INF History Book, 70.

48
. Guderian, 216.

49
. McDonald, 303.

50
. WHWF, 138.

51
. Gordon A. Blaker,
Iron Knights: The United States 66th Armored Regiment
(Shippensburg, PA: Burd Street Press, 1999), 280.

52
. Blaker, Medal of Honor Citation for Captain James M. Burt, 280.

53
. WHWF, 138.

54
. Guderian, 218.

55
. Joseph Balkoski,
From Brittany to the Reich: The 29th Infantry Division in Germany, September–November 1944
(Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2012), 229.

56
. Ibid., 233–34.

57
. WHWF, 138.

58
. 3rd Battalion 120th INF, 1–21 October 1944, 5.

59
. Guderian, 218.

60
. 3rd Battalion 120th INF, 2–21 October 1944, 5.

61
. Guderian, 218.

62
. Blaker, 276.

63
. WHWF, 139.

64
. Ferriss,
Closing the Aachen Gap 16 October 1944
, Comments of Lieutenant Colonel Hassenfelt, G-3 of 30th Infantry Division, 17 October 1944, NA, 1.

65
. 119th INF History Book, 71.

66
. McDonald, 305.

67
. 119 INF History Book, 71.

68
. McDonald, 305.

69
. Ibid.

70
. Ibid., 306.

71
. Knox Journal, 21.

72
. 117th Infantry Regiment,
The Diversionary Attack of 16 October
, Interviews with Col. Walter Johnson, T/Sgt. Robert Q. Fortune, Citation Text of Recommendation for Silver Star for Capt. George H. Sibbald, NA, 2–3.

73
. McDonald, 306.

74
. Sibbald Citation Text, 2.

75
. Johnson Interview, 2.

76
. Fortune Interview, 3.

77
. McDonald, 305.

78
. Guderian, 220.

79
. WHWF, 141.

80
. Ferriss, 2nd Battalion 119th Infantry, 30th Infantry Division,
The Closing of the Aachen Gap
, Composite Account of Lt. Edward C. Arn and Lt. Warne R. Parker, 15 November 1944, NA, 3.

81
. WHWF, 141.

CHAPTER 13

1
.  Daniel Lecture, 15.

2
.  26th INF, Battle of Aachen,
Clearing Area South of the Railroad Tracks
, 18.

3
.  Daniel Lecture, 14.

4
.  Ibid., 14–15.

5
.  Memo to S-3,
Most Successful Attack—Reduction of Farwick Park
, 3rd Battalion 26th Infantry Regiment, 23 June 1945, NA, 1.

6
.  Headquarters 3rd Battalion 26th Infantry Regiment,
Field Order Number 1
, 18 October 1944, NA, 1.

7
.  Translation of Documents Taken From Prisoners of War Captured in Aachen, Annex No 3 to G-2 Periodic Report No 124, Headquarters 1st Infantry Division, 21 October 1944, NA.

8
.  Lt. Harry D. Condron, The Fall of Aachen, 2nd Information and Historical Service, 1st US Army, NA, 4.

9
.  Guderian, 223.

10
. Ibid., 222.

11
. Battle of Aachen,
634th Tank Destroyer Battalion Company B 1st Platoon Attached to 3rd Battalion 18th Infantry Regiment
, 8–17 October 1944, NA, 6–7.

12
. Headquarters 3rd Battalion 18th Infantry Regiment Journal, 18 October 1944, MRC, 1.

13
. Aachen, Military Operations in Urban Terrain, 26th Infantry Regimental Combat Team 8–20 October 1944, 26th Infantry Regimental Association, 4th Edition, November 1999, MRC, 46.

14
. 26th Infantry Regiment 3rd Battalion Journal, October 1944, 64.

15
. John C. McManus,
Grunts: Inside the American Infantry Combat Experience, Killing for the Ruins, World War II Through Iraq
(New York: Penguin, 2011), 124.

16
. 26th INF, Battle of Aachen,
Clearing Area South of the Railroad Tracks
, 20.

17
. The Infantry Battalion in Offensive action, 2nd Battalion 26th Infantry Regiment, 8–20 October 1944, 11.

18
. Whitehead, 272.

19
. Daniel Lecture, 16.

20
. The Decoy Doughboy,
Sgt. Thompson Latest Medal of Honor Man
, Souvenir Edition “By and for the Men of the 18th Combat Team,” Printed in Czechoslovakia 23 May 1945.

21
. Ibid..

22
. LTC (Retired) Sam Carter, “Max Thompson and the Medal of Honor,”
Bridgehead Sentinel
(Spring 1997): 7.

23
. Guderian, 225.

24
. Ibid.