Authors: Roger Moorhouse
124–7, 130, 145, 387; some Germans blame for
murder: and blackout measures, 39–47; S-Bahn
the war, 57; evacuated children encouraged
Murderer, 41–7; and foreign labourers, 133
to hate Poles, 195–6; Warsaw Uprising, 349
‘the mushroom’
see Schwerbelastungskörper
police: distinctions between different types, 222;
music and songs, 214–18, 279–80
see also
Gestapo;
Kriminalpolizei
(Kripo);
Mussolini, Benito, 23, 24, 343, 358
Schutzpolizei
postcards, celebrity, 66–7
naval war
see
U-boats
potatoes, 80
Nazi Party: hierarchy throughout society, 224–5;
Potsdam, 69
Berliners’ attitude to, 271; popularity, 276;
see
Prager Platz, 308
also
protest and dissent
Prien, Günther, 52, 65, 67
Netherlands: Dutch labourers in Germany, 122,
Prinz-Albrecht-Strasse, 230, 232–3, 235–7
123, 129–30; Dutch involved in defence of
prisons, 237–9
Berlin, 363
propaganda: spin on invasion of Denmark and
Neumann, Erich: on public reaction to invasion
Norway, 58; against British, 60; radio’s use,
of Poland, 20; mother employs foreign
203–14, 215; Berlin exhibition about Soviet
labourers, 127–8; in KLV camp, 195; mother
Union, 267–9; spin put on war reporting,
takes in Jewish friend, 295, 299–300; bombed
345; film to encourage defence of homeland
out, 331; in
Volkssturm
, 363–4
to the bitter end, 353–6;
Panzerbär
news-
Neurath, Konstantin von, 8
sheet, 369;
see also
Goebbels, Joseph
newspapers: censorship, 51; at end of war, 369;
prostitution, 40, 301
see also individual newspapers by name
protest and dissent: early forms, 52; fall of Paris
Nickel, Maria, 277, 297
seen as blow to Hitler’s opponents, 63;
Niemöller, Martin, 274–5
communist resistance groups, 72, 268–71,
Norkus, Herbert, 259–60
271–4, 278–9; wording of death notices as
Normandy landings (1944), 349
form of, 256–7; Jewish resistance groups,
North-South Axis, 106–9
267–71; overview of resistance in Berlin,
North Station, 109
271–84; Christian resistance, 274–6; milder
430
berlin at war
methods of expressing dissent, 277–80;
Richter, Gisela, 149, 190, 218, 364
Stauffenberg bomb plot, 266, 280–4;
Richthofen, Manfred von (‘the Red Baron’), 247,
Rosenstrasse protest, 285–91; Pioneer Circle,
248
293–4; Aryan help given to Jews, 294–300;
Riemann, Christa, 67
Nazi control of waning loyalty, 334; in last
Riesenburger, Martin, 263–4, 265
days of regime, 350
Riga ghetto, 170
Pschorr Haus restaurant, 92
Ritter, Gerhard, 191, 193, 194, 195, 200
Ritter, Lutz, 71, 209–10, 345
queuing, 86–7, 87–8
roads: motorways, 13, 203; accidents, 38–9, 77–8;
Speer’s plans to overhaul network, 109
rabbits, 93
Rökk, Marika, 217
racism and race issues: German attitude to
Romania, 67
Russians, 131; prejudice against foreign
Römer, Josef ‘Beppo’, 272–3
labourers, 132–3; evacuated children
Rommel, Field Marshal Erwin, 66, 67
encouraged to hate Poles, 195–6; Nazi
Roosevelt, Franklin D.: appeals against air raids
attitude to gypsies, 221; prejudicial nature of
on civilians, 23
Nazi justice, 222–3;
see also
Jews
Rosenberg, Alfred, 248
radar, 47–9, 317
Rosenstrasse protest (1943), 285–91
Raddatz, Carl, 218
Rosenthal, Margot, 173
Raddatz, Fritz, 386
Royal Oak
, HMS, 52
Radener, Kurt, 157, 198
Rumbula, 170
radio: overview, 203–19; history of German
Rummelsburg, 42, 45, 156
development, 203–4; use as propaganda tool,
Russell, William: on Berliners’ hopes for early
204–14, 215; listening to foreign broadcasts,
peace settlement, 32; on shortages, 55, 85,
208–14; music content, 214–18;
Drahtfunk
86; on German reaction to invasion of
(emergency network), 218–19; in the last
Denmark and Norway, 58; on popularity
days of the war, 369
of listening to foreign radio broadcasts,
Radio Moscow: German-language service, 210
211–12
Radlauer, Annie, 289
Rust, Bernhard, 98
Raeder, Admiral Erich, 8, 98, 357
RAF: raid on Sylt, 57; leaflets dropped over
S-Bahn Murderer, 41–7
Germany, 138–9; numbers and types of
SA: martyrs, 259
aircraft, 155, 317;
see also
air raids
Sachsenhausen concentration camp, 113, 221,
‘Railway Bunker’, 313
240–6
railways: train accidents, 38, 42–3; coal
Saefkow, Anton, 274
shortages, 78; Speer’s plans to overhaul
Safjanik, Larissa, 134
network, 109; use of forced labour, 121;
Sagebiel, Ernst, 102
Jewish transports, 169; Anhalter Station,
St Hedwig Cathedral, 308
184–5, 201–2
Samter, Hermann, 166–7, 173
rape, 40, 376–80
Samuel, Anna, 115
rationing
see
clothing; food
Samuel, Marion, 163–4
Ravel, Maurice, 215
Scapa Flow, 52, 56
Rebbien, Martha, 97
Schaeffers, Willi, 69
‘Red Baron’
see
Richthofen, Manfred von
Scharnhorst, General Gerhard von, 247
Red Orchestra, 274
Schaub, Julius, 16
Reich Race Research Office, 177–8
Schiller Theatre, 51
Reichstag building, 15, 108, 143
Schirach, Baldur von: and child evacuation
Reichstag meetings, 15–18
programme, 185, 187; anthem written by,
Reinickendorf, 213, 279, 321, 323
192; song mocking him, 231; on martyrdom,
Reniszewska, Aleksandra, 119
260
resistance
see
protest and dissent
Schlabrendorff, Fabian von, 235–6
restaurants, 76, 86, 91–2, 338–9
Schlieffen, Field Marshal Alfred von, 247
Reuss, Anne-Marie, 231–2
Schmidt, Ernst, 206, 219, 375–6
Ribbentrop, Joachim von: at Hitler’s fiftieth-
Schmidt, Paul, 25–6
birthday celebrations, 8; takes control of
Schmundt, Lieutenant General Rudolf, 265–6
last-minute diplomacy before outbreak of
Schneider, Helga, 346, 365, 366
war, 23–4; and British ultimatum, 25, 26;
Schöneberg, 143, 181, 300, 337
holds press conference about invasion of
Schönhaus, Cioma, 302
Soviet Union, 70; refuses to cooperate with
Schönhauser Allee Jewish cemetery, 264
black-market enquiry, 99
schools, 76, 200
Richter, Eva, 367–8
Schraepler, Hans-Joachim, 66
index
431
Schragenheim, Felice, 298
soldiers sending home plunder from abroad,
Schroeder, Christa, 3, 10, 357, 358
96; on auctions of Jewish property, 182; on
Schulze-Boysen, Harro, 274
Nazi attempts to stop people listening to
Schutzpolizei
, 3
foreign radio broadcasts, 213; on numbers of
Schwalbe, Dietrich, 196
Gestapo, 223; on Berlin’s lack of community
Schwanenflügel, Dorothea von, 20, 363, 379
spirit, 227; on public reaction to
Schwarz, Joseph, 263
surveillance, 228–9; on Berlin’s flak towers,
Das Schwarze Korps
(SS newspaper), 4, 254
319, 346
Schwerbelastungskörper
(‘the mushroom’), 100,
Sobibór death camp, 172
107, 116
Söderbaum, Kristina, 354
Schwersenz, Ruth, 176–7
Soldiers’ Hall, 108, 113
Schwersenz, Yitzhak, 293
Solf, Johanna, 275
sea war
see
U-boats
Solf Circle, 275–6
Second World War: outbreak, 13–29; German
Sohst, Hanna, 301
public appetite for, 19–21, 27–8, 30–3, 60–6;
Sommer, Klaus, 373
rumours in Germany of early peace, 29–33;
songs
see
music and songs
treatment of war dead, 251–8; Nazis launch
South Station, 106, 111
‘total war’ concept, 336–41; events of 1943,
South Town
see Südstadt
341–3; German wearying of, 343–50; events
‘The Soviet Paradise’ (exhibition; 1942), 267–9
of 1944, 349; VE-Day, 387;
see also individual
Soviet Union: chill in German relations with,
battles and events by name
67, 68; German invasion (1941), 69–73, 111,
Sensationsprozess Casilla
(film), 51
257; Soviet labourers in Germany, 119, 121–2,
Seeckt, General Hans von, 247
124–7, 134; German attitude to Russians, 131;
Shirer, William: on Hitler’s fiftieth-birthday
Radio Moscow German-language service,
celebrations, 5, 6–7, 12; on Berliners’
210; German propaganda exhibition about,
reaction to invasion of Poland, 19, 24; on
267–9; Stalingrad, 336, 338; Kursk, 342; Red
Berliners’ reaction to British declaration of
Army atrocities in East Prussia, 362; Battle
war, 27, 28; on Berliners’ reaction to
for Berlin, 306, 357, 360, 365, 367–80; German
rumours of early peace, 30–1; on blackout
fear of Soviet rule, 371; Berliners’
measures, 35; on continuance of leisure
encounters with Red Army, 375–80; Red
pursuits despite the war, 50, 51; on German
Army takes over Berlin, 382–8; Soviet
love of Christmas trees, 54; on first war
treatment of Soviet labourers in Berlin, 387
Christmas, 56; on German reaction to
Speer, Albert: background and character, 103;
invasion of Norway, 58–9; on Berliners’
on Berlin’s reaction to invasion of Poland,
reaction to invasion of Belgium and France,
15; redesigning of Berlin, 103–16; relationship
59–60, 62, 64; on harsh winter of 1940, 74,
with Hitler, 103–4; and eviction of Berlin’s
75, 77; on air-raid siren test, 81; on
Eintopf
,
Jews, 114; issue of his guilt assessed, 116; on
91; on air raids, 137, 138, 142, 145, 153, 156,
Goebbels’ ‘total war’ speech, 340; publicly
158–9; meets ‘Lord Haw-Haw’, 151; on
alludes to V-weapons, 344; on likely effects
people’s fear of being caught listening to
of USAAF daylight air raids, 348–9
foreign radio broadcasts, 208; on Fritsch’s
Sphinx
, HMS, 56
death, 248
Spitzy, Reinhard, 63
shopping
see
clothing; food; shortages
sport, 50–1, 74–5
shortages: general, 54–5, 85–90; fuel, 75–6, 78–9;
Sportpalast, 337
see also
clothing; food
SS: and Battle for Berlin, 364–5, 374
Sicily, Allied invasion of (1943), 342–3
SS-
Leibstandarte
, 2, 3, 53
Sieg, John, 236
SS-
Totenkopf
, 3
Siegel, Elisabeth, 177
Staatsoper, 69
Siegesallee (‘Victory Avenue’), 15
Stahlberg, Alexander, 6, 8
Siemens, 121, 269
Stalin, Joseph, 111
Siewert, Gertrud, 43, 44
Stalingrad, Battle of (1942–3), 336, 338
Siewert, Peter, 351
Stange, Gisela, 191–2, 378, 380
‘Silent Night’ (carol), 54
Stauffenberg, Claus von, 266, 280–4
Simon, Irma, 294–5
Steglitz, 189
Skalitzer Strasse, 140
Stemann, Paul von, 346–7
slave labourers
see
foreign and forced labourers
Strauss, Richard, 69
Slovakia, 67
Striem, Salomon, 296
Smith, Howard: on atmosphere in Berlin in
Studnitz, Hans-Georg von: on public reaction to
1940, 57–8; on German reaction to fall of
Stauffenberg bomb plot, 284; on fear of new
France, 60, 63, 64; on German civilian
air raids, 318; on escape of animals from
morale, 63; on shortages, 86–7, 92; on
Berlin Zoo, 324; on Goebbels’ ‘total war’
432
berlin at war
speech, 340; on lack of reporting of
towers, 310–11; on damage caused by new
Mussolini’s fall, 343; on German wonder
Allied air raids, 322–3; bombed out, 333
weapons, 344; on increasing apathy towards
Vaupel, Helmut, 360
Hitler, 345; on decreasing public morale, 347,
VE-Day (1945), 387
349; on USAAF daylight air raids, 348
Vinck, Erich, 226
Stumpfegger, Ludwig, 358
Voigt, Johanna, 45
Südstadt
(‘South Town’), 109
Völkischer Beobachter
(newspaper), 44, 105
suicide, 370–2
Volksoper, 14
surveillance, 208, 223–9
Volkssturm
, 350–3, 360, 362, 363–4
‘Swing Kids’ movement, 279–80
Volta factory, 134
Sylt, 57
Wagner, Richard, 14, 215, 249
Tauentzien, General Friedrich Bogislav von, 250
Wahl, Karl, 18
Tauentzienstrasse, 157
Wannsee, 275
Tchaikovsky, Pyotr, 215
war dead, treatment of, 251–8
Tempelhof, 39, 157, 198, 373
Warsaw Uprising (1944), 349