Authors: Roger Moorhouse
Goebbels, Joseph: propaganda for Hitler’s
264–5
fiftieth birthday, 4, 11; Berliners’ attitude to,
Grossmann, Günter, 14
20; attacks originators of peace rumour, 33;
Grossmann, Hans, 286, 288
helps with Christmas celebrations, 53;
Grunauer, Lieselotte, 372
propaganda spin on invasion of Denmark
Grunewald, 168, 169
and Norway, 58; encourages Berliners to
Guderian, General Heinz, 266
give warm welcome to troops returning
guillotining, 239
from France, 64; reads out Hitler’s
gypsies, 220–1, 223
proclamation about invasion of Soviet
Union, 69–70; reaction to invasion of Soviet
Hácha, Emil, 3, 8
Union, 71; avoids food rationing, 98; on
Haensel, Carl, 36
plans to redesign Berlin, 110; inspects
Hähnemann, Margot, 379
bombed areas of Berlin, 143–4; on air raids,
Hamburg, 138, 187, 317–19, 343
153, 158; visits Air Raid Warning Centre, 154;
Hampel, Otto and Elise, 277–8
propaganda about air raids, 155; announces
Hände Hoch
(‘Hands Up’; film), 189
index
427
Harlan, Veit, 354
plot, 266, 280–4; Berliners’ attitude to, 271;
Harnack, Arvid, 274
communist attitude to, 272; popularity
Harris, Sir Arthur ‘Bomber’, 48, 320
wanes, 345, 359; fifty-sixth birthday
Hartlaub, Felix, 131
celebrations, 357–60; last days in bunker,
Haus des Fremdenverkehrs
(‘Foreign Travel
357–8; encourages suicide among public, 371;
Office’), 112
death, 380
Haushofer, Albrecht, 237–8
Hitler Youth: used to shovel snow, 75; used to
Haw-Haw, Lord
see
Joyce, William
clear gutters and drains, 81; role in child
health, public, 346
evacuation plan, 187, 193–200; encouraged to
heating, 75–7
act as informers, 208; martyrs, 259–60; and
Heck, Lutz, 94
‘Swing Kids’, 280; group presented to Hitler,
Heine, Heinrich, 54
357; celebrations for Hitler’s fifty-sixth
Heinkel, 241
birthday, 358; in
Volkssturm
, 363–4; used to
Heldengedenktag
(‘Heroes Memorial Day’), 258,
distribute suicide poison capsules, 371
260
Der Hitlerjunge Quex
(film), 260
Helldorf, Wolf von, 99
Hoernle, Alfred (‘Black Carl’), 278–9
Heller, Hans-Detlef, 312
Hoffmann, Heinrich, 52, 66
Henderson, Sir Nevile, 24–5, 25–6, 27–8
Holocaust, 160–83, 285–306; public knowledge
Hengst, Rosa, 379
of, 172–6, 180–3; Aryan help given to Jews,
Henschel, Hildegard, 166
294–300;
see also
Jews
Henschel, Moritz, 166
Home Guard
see Volkssturm
Hermand, Jost, 189, 195, 198–9
homosexuality, 242
Hess, Rudolf: studies, 237; Christmas speech to
Horcher’s restaurant, 98
nation, 53; encouragement of informers,
Höss, Rudolf, 240
226; at Fritsch’s funeral, 248; flight to
hotels, 86;
see also individual hotels by name
Britain, 209
housing: general, 109, 113; for Jews, 113–15; for
Heuser, Georg, 46
the bombed out, 140, 331–2; in last weeks of
Heydrich, Reinhard, 224, 249–51, 279
war, 366
Himmler, Heinrich, 16, 170, 357
Hube, General Hans-Valentin, 265
Hitler, Adolf: fiftieth-birthday celebrations, 1–12;
humour and jokes, 89, 349–50, 362
stamina, 10; speech about invasion of
Hungary, 67
Poland, 14–18; ailments, 15; halitosis, 15;
hygiene, 76, 77, 86, 366
power, 16; Berliners’ reaction to in wake of
invasion of Poland, 20; furious at
‘
Ich hatt’ einen Kamaraden
’ (‘I had a comrade’;
Mussolini’s initial stance of neutrality, 23;
song), 249‒50
distances self from last-minute diplomacy
‘
Ich weiss es wird einmal ein Wunder gescheh’n
’
before outbreak of war, 23; reaction to
(‘I know a miracle will happen’; song), 217
British ultimatum, 26; speech about British
indoctrination, 195–7, 200;
see also
propaganda
declaration of war, 26–7; makes early ‘peace
informers, 208, 224–9, 303–4
offering’ to Britain and France, 29–33; signs
Invaliden cemetery, 247–51, 265–6
of some opposition to, 52; celebration of
Italy: Mussolini takes initial stance of neutrality,
first war Christmas, 53; celebrated in new
23; Ribbentrop uses as intermediary in
version of ‘Silent Night’, 54; Germans
negotiations with Britain and France, 24;
continue to view as ‘man of peace’, 57;
Italian labourers in Germany, 44, 343;
propaganda spin on invasion of Denmark
Tripartite Pact with Germany and Japan, 67;
and Norway, 58; triumphal return to Berlin
fall of Mussolini, 343
after fall of Paris, 61; fall of France seen as
blow to his opponents, 63; proclamations
Jannings, Emil, 51
about invasion of Soviet Union, 69–71;
Japan, 67
Spartan tastes, 98; ideas for redesigning
jazz, 214–15, 279–80
Berlin, 101, 102–3, 103–4, 105, 109, 110, 111, 112;
Jeckeln, SS-
Obengruppenführer
Friedrich, 170
relationship with Speer, 103–4; reaction to
Jewish Hospital, 304–6
air raids on Berlin, 141; agrees to child
Jews: examples of anti-Semitism among the
evacuation, 185, 196; and air travel, 203; use
German public, 44, 46, 181, 183;
Kristallnacht
,
of radio as propaganda tool, 205–6, 207;
161; used to shovel snow, 75; food rations,
favourite composers and performers, 215;
83; forcible eviction, 113–15; exclusion from
radio ‘theme tune’, 215; on ‘
Lili Marleen
’,
air-raid shelters, 148; Jewish star legislation,
216; and the Gestapo, 222; absence from
160–1; deportations, 115, 162–72; ‘Reich’ Jews
Fritsch’s funeral, 248; at Heydrich’s funeral,
initially slightly better treated than ‘eastern’
249; wording of death notices as proof of
ones, 170; public knowledge of their fate,
waning loyalty to, 256–7; Stauffenberg bomb
172–6, 180–3; living conditions of those left
428
berlin at war
behind in Berlin, 176–80; Nazi means of
Köpenick, 115, 145, 255
establishing Jewishness, 177–8; fate of Jewish
Korten, General Günther, 266
property, 181–2; memorial book for German
Koskull, Josepha von, 279, 324, 328, 341
Jews, 183; exclusion from child evacuation
Kossmann, August, 295
plan, 187–8; evacuee children encouraged to
Kotbusser Strasse, 140
hate, 196; prohibition of broadcasting music
Koziol, Frieda, 46
by Jews, 214–15; and Nazi justice system, 223;
Krakauer, Max, 295
in Sachsenhausen, 241, 243–4; Nazis use to
Kramer, Otto, 323
forge British banknotes, 243–4; cemeteries
Kreis, Wilhelm, 108, 250
and funerals, 261–5; going underground, 263,
Kreisau Circle, 276
291–304; resistance groups, 268–71; resistance
Kreuzberg, 140, 307, 322, 359
speeds up deportations, 270;
Fabrik-Aktion
Kriminalpolizei
(Kripo): and S-Bahn Murderer,
deportations and Rosenstrasse protest, 285–
42–7; and black market, 99
91; Aryan help given to, 294–300; Jewish
Kroll Opera House, 15–18
catchers, 303–4; hospitalisation as method of
Kronika, Jacob, 359, 363, 385
escaping deportation, 304–6
Kübler, Stella
see
Goldschlag, Stella
Jodmin, Otto, 297
Kuckhoff, Adam, 274
jokes
see
humour and jokes
Künstlertheater, 14
Joseph, Charlotte, 300–1
Kursk, Battle of (1943), 342
Joyce, William (‘Lord Haw-Haw’), 151
Jung, Peter, 219
labour camps, 118–21, 122–7, 176; German
justice, Nazi concept of, 222–3
myopia about, 132;
see also
work education
camps
Ka-De-We store, 85
Langosch, Gerda, 368–9, 374
Kabarett der Komiker
(‘Kadeko’; cabaret show),
Langrock, Otto, 134
69, 215
Leander, Zarah, 69, 217
Kaiserhof Hotel, 2, 86, 313
Leipzig, 261
Kaltenbrunner, Ernst, 129
leisure, 50–1, 69, 74–5
Kardorff, Ursula von: personal experience of air
Lenz, Werner, 200
raids, 131, 327, 328, 330, 333; conspiracy
Leopold Palace, 103
theory about foreign labourers, 134–5; and
Levetzowstrasse synagogue, 160, 161, 162, 166–8
Holocaust, 174, 175, 178; on the Gestapo, 228;
Levi, Primo, 175
brother’s death, 251, 252; and Stauffenberg
Lewine, Erika, 287
bomb plot, 282, 284; helps Jews, 294; on air
Lichtenberg, Bernhard, 275
raids on Hamburg, 318; bombed out, 331,
Liebig, Hans, 323
332; on Goebbels’ ‘total war’ speech, 340; on
Lietzen Lake, 311
increasing superstitiousness of Germans,
‘
Lili Marleen
’ (song), 215–16
344; on macabre changes to Berlin cityscape,
Linczyk, Margot, 302
347–8; on German weariness with war, 356
Linge, Heinz, 2, 357
Karlshorst, 42, 43
Lippert, Dr Julius, 3, 142
Karski, Jan, 175
Łódz˙ (Litzmannstadt) ghetto, 167, 168, 173, 196
Kastler, Lore, 316–17
looting and plunder: German, 64, 95–7, 181–2;
Kaunas ghetto, 170, 173
Soviet, 375–6, 383, 385
Keitel, Wilhelm, 8, 358
Luftwaffe: raid on Scapa Flow, 56; aces feted as
Kennan, George, 271, 277
celebrities, 65, 67; Air Ministry building, 101,
Kessler, Käthe, 39
102; Udet scapegoated for shortcomings,
Keyserling, Hermann, 258–9
249; air raids on London, 308, 333; Air
Kiel, 138
Ministry hit by bombs, 308; begins to lose
Klemperer, Victor, 161, 256
sympathy of German public, 309
KLV camps, 191–200
Lüpke, Theodor von, 255
Knauf, Erich, 228
Lustgarten, 267–9
Knauth, Percival, 154
Lustig, Dr Walter, 304
Knirsch, Rita, 296
Knispel, Renate, 330
Maifeld, 102
Knobloch, Heinz, 14, 21, 188
Malchow medical clinic, 125
Koch, Robert, 51
Martin Gropius Building, 230
Kochmann, Sala, 270
martyrdom, 258–61
Kolberg
(film), 353–6
Massow, Erna, 371
König, Joel, 179–80
Mauthausen concentration camp, 112–13
Königplatz, 15, 382
May, Gerda, 43
Kopen, Margarethe, 383–4
Meier, Marianne, 113
index
429
Die Meistersinger
(Wagner), 14
Norway, German invasion of (1940), 58–9
Michaelis, Hans, 178–9
Nöthling, August, 98–9
Miegel, Agnes, 257
Nuremberg, 103, 226
milk, 78–9
Minsk ghetto, 169, 172
Oechsner, Fred, 77, 137, 145–6, 148
Misch, Rochus, 210
Ogorzow, Paul, 46–7
Moabit, 145, 160, 259, 286, 295, 321
Ohser, Erich, 227–8
Moabit prison, 237–8
Olympic Games (1936), 206
Mölders, Werner, 65, 67, 249
Omankowsky, Manfred, 279–80
Molotov, Vyacheslav, 67, 185
opera, 51, 69
Moltke, Helmuth James von: background and
Operation Bernhard, 243–4
character, 276; on British Embassy staff’s
Operation Valkyrie, 280–4
departure from Berlin, 27–8; hopes for early
Orbach, Larry, 302
settlement to war crushed, 30, 33; reaction
Ordnungspolizei
, 222
to invasion of Soviet Union, 72; on air raids,
Orff, Carl, 215
137, 153; Jewish acquaintance commits
Oster, Colonel Hans, 63, 91
suicide, 179; on threat posed by renewed
Allied air raids, 319; hanged for resistance,
Pankow, 126, 316, 323
276
Panzerbär
news-sheet, 369
Mönchengladbach, 138
Papen, Franz von, 204
Montgomery, Field Marshal Bernard Law, 67
Paris, fall of (1940), 61–4
morale, German public: lack of public appetite
parks, 110
for Second World War, 19–21, 27–8, 30–3,
Pawlak, Irena, 119
60–6; effect of air raids on, 157–9, 318–20,
Pentzien, Arno, 366–7
333–5; deterioration in community spirit, 227;
Peters, Gerda, 377
reaction to ‘total war’ concept, 337–41;
Pharus Hall, 279–80
public start to lose faith in regime, 343–50,
Pioneer Circle (
Chug Chaluzi
), 293–4
359; prevalence of suicide in last days of
Pius XII, Pope, 3
war, 370–2;
see also
protest and dissent
Plötzensee prison, 238–9
Morell, Theodor, 357–8
plunder
see
looting and plunder
motorways, 13, 203
Poelchau, Harald, 239, 297
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 215
Poland: German invasion (1939), 13–26, 29;
Munich, 272
Polish labourers in Germany, 44, 119–21, 122,
Munich crisis (1938), 57