Authors: Mark A. Simmons
O’Neill, Brian,
93
,
109
–112,
168
–169,
215
–216,
226
,
247
,
258
,
261
,
363
Orcinus orca
,
26
Oregon Coast Aquarium, 12–13,
28
,
71
,
89
,
348
Orozco, Jose, 11
P
Parks, Michael,
152
,
163
,
164
,
169
,
186
,
216
–219,
230
,
235
–237,
263
,
269
–270,
272
–278,
280
,
302
–304,
308
–315,
320
–323,
337
,
356
–357,
360
–361,
369
pen anchor system,
60
–61,
74
,
136
,
153
–154,
187
pen gateway,
166
–185
Phillips, David, 12–13
puffins,
121
–123
R
radio tag,
244
–245,
280
,
314
–315,
368
.
See also
tracking tag
Reed, Kelly,
156
–159,
173
,
175
,
328
–329,
331
Reino Aventura Amusement Park, 9–12,
26
–28
“Reintroduction Protocols,”
26
,
28
,
159
–160,
368
relationship with whales,
21
–23
release criteria,
87
–90
release outline,
83
release plan,
87
–116
Release Project, 15,
28
,
33
,
36
–40,
51
–53,
59
,
72
,
80
,
85
–86,
109
,
140
,
158
,
198
,
239
–242,
271
,
331
–356,
399
release steps,
93
–97
release team,
45
–86
release team appeal letter,
362
–369
Richards, Dane,
257
–258,
261
,
375
,
380
Rivera, Diego, 11
S
Sanders, Tom,
173
–185,
194
–195,
198
–201,
247
,
259
,
261
,
295
–299,
303
,
328
–331
satellite tag,
244
–246,
294
–298,
333
,
358
–365,
368
.
See also
tracking tag
Scarback, 11–12
Schorr, Greg,
53
–55,
186
,
194
,
211
,
218
,
220
–223,
226
,
337
Schorr, Jen,
50
,
53
–55,
241
,
263
,
272
,
274
,
278
–279,
286
–293,
331
,
334
–335,
338
,
343
–344,
348
,
363
,
382
Sealand,
353
–354
Seattle Public Aquarium,
25
SeaWorld of California,
109
SeaWorld of Florida,
34
–35,
156
–157,
173
,
225
,
231
Sili
,
57
,
213
,
268
,
271
,
279
–281,
297
–298
Simmons, Alyssa,
80
–81,
117
–118,
156
,
231
–241
Sinelli, Steve,
70
,
93
,
102
–105,
158
,
211
,
278
,
363
Siqueiros, David, 11
Siti, Captain,
138
–139,
263
,
296
–300,
302
–303,
323
T
Tilikum,
231
–235
tracking Keiko,
308
–315,
358
,
359
,
360
–365,
376
–378
tracking tag,
244
–252,
280
,
294
–298,
314
–315,
333
,
358
–365,
368
,
375
–377
training whales,
21
–24,
34
–35,
65
–66,
73
–74
Turner, Ted,
156
–157
U
U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service,
28
,
244
U.S. Navy,
87
V
Vamos
,
360
–361
Vancouver Aquarium,
24
Vestmannaeyjar project,
28
,
30
,
32
,
43
–48,
44
,
86
,
107
,
124
,
139
,
143
,
149
,
153
,
164
,
174
,
231
,
239
,
263
,
294
,
308
–312,
331
,
356
,
364
–366
Vikingur
,
297
Vinick, Charles,
50
,
72
,
77
–80,
94
,
124
,
128
,
159
–162,
172
,
225
,
239
,
244
,
253
,
263
,
269
,
286
–292,
300
,
311
–312,
325
–329,
341
,
349
–352
W
Warner Brothers, 9,
27
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute,
126
,
163
,
187
,
214
Wyland, 9, 14
Z
Zero-Nine-Zulu
,
296
,
298
,
308
–314
zoological science,
355
,
384
–385
zoological settings,
19
–22,
26
,
385
Mark A. Simmons grew up in a Northern Virginia farm community where his father taught
him at an early age that stewardship of wild and domestic animals requires lifelong
responsibility and commitment. At age eighteen, Simmons had his first encounter with
whales and dolphins at SeaWorld in Orlando, which quickly led him to a ten-year career
in animal behavior there, working mainly with killer whales.
In 1987 Simmons began his career in behavioral sciences working almost exclusively
with killer whales. In 1998 he formed a consulting firm, Wildlife International Network
along with highly regarded marine mammal expert and close friend Robin Friday. The
following April, Simmons joined the Keiko Release Project as the director of animal
husbandry and led the behavior team on-site in Iceland. There he authored and applied
the behavioral rehabilitation blueprint for reintroduction that gained approval from
the Icelandic Ministry of Fisheries for Keiko’s formal release.
Simmons went on to create Ocean Embassy, whereby his team assists governments on protective
marine legislation, participates in ongoing research with marine mammals and is heavily
involved in the rescue and rehabilitation of sick and stranded animals. He has provided
consulting on marine mammal health assessment and recovery, training program evaluation
and development, and zoological program management to numerous agencies such as NOAA/NMFS
and facilities worldwide in United States, Mexico,
Singapore, Bahamas, Dubai, Philippines, Iceland, Jamaica, Panama, China and St. Lucia.
Simmons also created and continues to provide visionary leadership of a large-scale
research and conservation database called OERCA that serves global wildlife management
needs. He has taught marine mammal behavioral science at the University of Miami and
conducted numerous seminars and public lectures on the Keiko Release Project.